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The arm transmits the forceon the test model directly to a strain gauged load cell. The load cell is connected to a readout unit with a digital display, which is powered by adesktop power supply (included). A two-component balance which measures the lift and dragforces on models mounted in Subsonic Wind Tunnel. In addition, the equipment is fully compatiblewith Versatile Data Acquisition System and can quickly and conveniently connectto the frame mounting interface unit. The balance mechanism enablestest models with a rigid support arm to be mounted and held securely inposition in the working section of the wind tunnel. When mounted in the base of the wind tunnel working section, the balancemeasures the drag force only. This is useful for a variety of investigationssuch as wind loadings on tall buildings. To measure the lift and drag forces onmodels the balance mounts on the side of the working section of the windtunnel. The drag force is measured first, and then students rotate the balancemechanism through 90 degrees and repeat the test to measure the lift force. It can also be used to measure dragforces on model vehicles enabling students to determine and comparecoefficients of drag.
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Standard Features:
Supplied with a comprehensive user guide
Union directives
Available Experiment Modules:
Round Turbulent Jet
Boundary Layer
Flow Visualisation
Tapped Aerofoil
Bernoullis Equation
Drag Force
Flow Around a Bend
Jet Attachment
Recommended Ancillary:
Multi-Tube Manometer
The Schlieren apparatus allows students tosee density gradients as variations in intensity of illumination. This allowsthem to see supersonic air flow patterns around models. A monochrome Schlieren apparatus for use with theIntermittent Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The apparatus includes digital imaging equipment to record the images this isuseful when using an intermittent supersonic wind tunnel. The video monitor isparticularly useful to display the images to groups of students. It also clearly showsshock waves and expansions, and students can compare their positions and angleswith values predicted by theory. The imagingequipment can capture still images and any real-time changes in the image. The mirrors and lenses are of high optic standards to reduce any possibility of optic distortions of the images.
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It is a Pitot-static tube that mounts in the working section of the wind tunnel, either upstream or downstream of the position ofthe test model. This allows students to do wake traverses, downstream of amodel. The Pitot-Static Traverse is an ancillary to modular Subsonic Wind Tunnels. This allows the datum or starting point of an experiment to bedefined by the user. To display differential pressure, the Pitot-static tubeconnects to a manometer. The vertical position of the tube, which is adjustable, is displayed ona digital indicator. The digital indicator position can be set to zero in anyposition. Alternatively, pressures can be measured using one ormore of the following optional instruments:
Dual Digital Pressure Display module
Tilting Multi-Tube Manometer
Differential Pressure Transducer module
32-Way Pressure Display module
This module consists of a duct with transparent front andrear, between which is mounted a symmetrical aerofoil with a profile. The aerofoil may be accurately rotated to various angles of incidence (attack)to the air using the control and printed scale on the front of the duct. The aerofoil has 12 tapping points at various chord wise positions on its surface allowing the pressure to be measured at that point. The experiment mounts on the Air FlowBench contraction using toggle clamps. Each one of the tappings connects to themanometer (ancillary) via flexible tubes fitted with quick-release couplings. The tapping points are permanently connected to a manifold mounted on the duct showing the tappingposition and number for easy reference.
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It is microprocessor-controlled and contains a calibrated pressure transducer. The unit has an integral liquid crystal display that allows the user to read pressure directly. The signals ofthe pressure sensors may be output to optional Versatile Data Acquisition System. The Differential Pressure Transducer and readout is an optionalancillary to Subsonic Wind Tunnel. The control and instrumentation panel of the wind tunnel includes a location for mounting up totwo Differential Pressure Transducer modules. Using enables accurate real-time data capture, monitoring, display, calculation and charting of all relevant parameters on a suitable computer. It measures and displays pressures in Pitot-static tubes and other pressure-sensing devices fitted to a wind tunnel, with respect to the atmosphere or differential pressures. Many readings can be taken and the user may usea suitable spreadsheet software package to obtain a more accurate overview ofpressure distributions. When the Differential Pressure Transducer is used with the automatic dataacquisition unit it provides a significant advantage over conventional instruments such as manometers.
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The unit has an integral liquid crystal display with a scroll switchthat allows all 32 channels to be viewed in groups of four at any time. Theconditioned outputs of the pressure sensors, and any other connected compatibleelectronic instruments, may be output to Versatile Data Acquisition System toallow computer based data acquisition and display. The 32-Way Pressure Display Unit is an optional ancillary tomodular Subsonic Wind Tunnels. The unit mounts onto the control and instrumentationframe of the wind tunnels. Connection to each of the 32 calibrated pressuretransducers is via quick-release pressure inputs mounted on the front panel ofthe unit. It measures and displays up to 32 pressures frommodels, Pitot-static tubes and other measuring instruments fitted to a windtunnel. It is ideally suited to applications where multiple pressuremeasurements are required, for example in boundary layer and tapped aerofoilmodel investigations. This allows easy and quick connection between the unit and anexperiment mounted in a wind tunnel. When the 32- Way Pressure DisplayUnit is used with the system it allows laboratory time to be used more efficientlybecause data can be captured and processed much more quickly than when usingmanual techniques. All pressures are measured with respect toatmosphere. Using enables accuratereal-time data capture, monitoring, display, calculation and charting of allrelevant parameters on a suitable computer. This option providessignificant experimental advantages over conventional instruments such asmanometers. The facility in the software to average data to remove thefluctuations inherent in wind tunnel measurements enhances the quality of theresults by making their interpretation much easier.
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A bench-mounting metal frame holds all parts of the wind tunnel in one compactunit. Air enters the tunnel through an aerodynamically designed effuser andhoneycomb flow straightener that accelerates the air linearly. The Bench-Top Wind Tunnel offers a complete system ready foraerodynamic experimentation. It uses an electronic force sensor to measure the lift or drag forces on modelsfitted to the Working Section. It has a clear digital display giving a directreading of the measured force value, for real-time data collection. It then entersthe working section and passes through a grille before moving through a diffuser and then to a variable-speed fan. The grille protects the fan from damage byloose objects. A range of models and all necessary instrumentationare included to provide accurate results, suitable for undergraduate study andresearch projects. Pitot tubes attach to the working section and connect to aliquid manometer so students can analyse pressure at different positions andcalculate air speed. supplies a two-component balance with the Wind Tunnel. A controller with an electronic drive allows theuser to vary the fan speed accurately from zero to full speed. The electronicdrive keeps the chosen speed constant. The air leaves the fan, passes up through a silencer unit andthen back out to atmosphere.
Features:
Selection of models included for studies of drag andpressure profiles
Transparent Working Section for a full view of the test area
Electronic controller for variable air velocity
Compact, open-circuit suction design
Saves time and money compared to full-scale wind-tunnels orairborne laboratories
Two-component balance with digital display for lift and dragmeasurement.
The set includes some of the most important pneumatic components, used in industrial control applications. Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings and technical data. The use of contrasting colors according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learning one. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.
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This instrument is a Differential Micromanometer inclinable scale and it measures the pressures or depression, low valve.
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It consists of a transparent illuminated test chamber where the aerodynamic models are mounted and of a smoke generator. Fluid Threads Visualizer has been designed in order to visualize the fluid threads in a low-turbulence wind tunnel.
The Fluid Threads Visualizer unit is available in two versions:
Fluid threads visualizer with manual control
Fluid threads visualizer with motor control
The use of contrasting colors according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learning one. The set includes some of the most important components used in pneumatic plants for gas compression (compressors and valves of different type). Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings and technical data. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.
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The Compressors Test Bench is extremely versatile: in fact, it has been designed to allow to choose and mount compressors of different size and type, coupled to different electric motors, selected by the user. The Compressors Test Bench allows to experimentally characterize a wide range of air compressors, in a work field from 0 to 500 Nm3/h as regards the flow rate and from 0 to 10 bar as regards the pressure. The frame of Compressors Test Bench is very strong and has to be fixed to the floor; the bench is completely made of corrosion-proof materials. The high precision of the sensors installed in the Test Bench allows to perform accurate and trustable research experiments within the whole work field. An user manual is supplied with the equipment. The electric control and command board allows to operate in manual mode, by personal computer or by external board.
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The bench is trolley-mounted and has a front panel on which the control devices and all the instruments needed for the tests are located. The system includes two water coolers to cool the air generated by the compressor, complete with thermo-resistances for measuring the temperature of the air and water at the input and output. The Variable Speed Two Stage Compressor Study Unit With Digital Torque Indicator makes it possible to study the major characteristics of a twin-cylinder air compressor with two-stage compression.
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The compressor is driven by a variable speed d.c. electric motor with a belt gearing-up system of O to 4000 RPM with a transmission ratio of 7.5/1.If is possible to read the pressure values, upstream and downstream of the compressor, by means of 2 U shaped differential manometers. The industrial type compressor used in this apparatus is a single stage machine having a 127 mm dia impeller and an aluminium scroll with fluid threads rectifier. Thermometers are inserted into the circuit in order to read the air temperature before and after the passage through the centrifugal compressor. At the maximum speed of over 29,000 RPM, if develops a downstream pressure of about 230 mmHg with a max air capacity of 1230 kg/h.
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It is supplied complete and self-sufficient, needing only the connection to the electrical feeding to the water network. The Compressors Study Unit Reciprocating And Rotative allows the study of the working characteristics of reciprocating and rotative compressors.
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The unit is assembled with a trolley mounted frame and does not require any maintenance. The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results. It is available an automatic data acquisition and analysis system for Personal Computer, which allows to take the measurements automatically, to plot the curves on screen or print them out, to store the experimental data on disk or print them. The Centrifugal Fan Study Unit allows the study of typical parameters of an industrial centrifugal fan. Measurements can be performed varying the working conditions and compared with data resulting from the theory.
The Centrifugal Fan Study Unit is available in two versions:
Centrifugal fan study unit - Computerized version
Centrifugal fan study unit - Standard version
The system includes two water refrigerators to cool the air generated by the compressor, complete with thermo-resistances for measuring the temperature of the air and water at the input and output. The Double Stage Compressor Study Unit makes it possible to study the main characteristics of a twin-cylinder air compressor with two-stage compression. The bench is trolley-mounted and has a front panel on which the control devices and all the instruments needed for the tests are located.
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Pressure measurement: Electronic transducers and digital display
Power, speed and torque measurement:
From Universal Dynamometer
Nett dimensions and weight (assembled):
2300 mm x 1060 mm x 1530 mm and 200 kg
Packed volume and weight:2.4 m3 and approximately 300 kg
Nominal Fan Diameter: 400 mm
Flow rate: 1.7 m3.s1
Experiments
Determination of the specific speed of the fan Essential Base Unit
Performance of a centrifugal fan
Universal Dynamometer
Variation of fan performance with type of impeller
Variation of fan performance with speed
Non-dimensional performance curves.
Recommended Ancillaries:
Pipe Flow and Nozzle Kit
VDAS-F (frame mounted version of the Versatile Data Acquisition System).
Features:
Materials of Construction:
Tunnel: Acrylic sheet or laminated glass up on requested.
Tail Pipe : Galvanized sheet metal.
Bell Mouth : Sheet metal
Blower : AC/DC motor , adjustable speed.
Smoke Generator : Oil Burning type 1 outlet port.
Electrical Supply : 380 vac 50 Hz, 3 phase.
Air Speed Indicator : Propeller type 0.4 - 30 m/s. , digital display.
Air Distributor : Acrylic sheet or aluminum sheet.
Wind Tunnel Flight Demonstration:
Tunnel Width : 60 cm
Tunnel Height : 40 cm
Tunnel Length : 100 cm
Features:
Compact, open-circuit suction design
Wide variety of experiments in aerodynamics
High levels of safety
Controls and instrumentation conveniently mount on a separate, free standing frame
Saves time and money compared to full-scale wind-tunnels or airborne laboratories
Operates at meaningful Reynolds numbers
Comprehensive selection of optional instrumentation, models and ancillaries.
Experiments:
The pressure profile in convergent/divergent nozzles at various pressure ratios
Investigation of expansion with friction in a parallel passage at high subsonic velocities
The phenomenon of choked flow corresponding to sonic velocity at a nozzle throat
The relationship between pressure ratio and flow for convergent and convergent/divergent Laval nozzles
Boundary layer growth under subsonic and supersonic conditions.
The air flow is generated using a blower. To obtain a flow with low turbulence, the air passes through a settling chamber, a fine sieve and a flow straightener. Smoke is used to make the stream lines visible. Flow Visualization Wind Tunnel- Engineering Lab Training Systems - The bench top unit contains a narrow flow chamber with viewing window in which the drag model is placed. The flow patterns can be clearly seen due to the black background of the flow chamber and additional lighting. The smoke is generated by vaporizing a glycol mixture and enters the tunnel via a manifold with a large number of outlet holes. They can be interchanged and have an adjustable angle of attack. Four different models (cylinder, orifice and two wing sections) are supplied.
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Subsonic Wind Tunnel Starter Set
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