Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lab Equipments, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lab Equipments Equipments, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lab Equipments Tools, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lab Equipments Tool Kits, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lab Equipments Manufacturers, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lab Equipments Suppliers from India, China, Kenya
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Vortex Tube Refrigerator Apparatus From compressed air at ambient temperature and a high speed rotating vortex, the unit produces air temperatures down to -20Â °C, can perform 75 watts of cooling and discharges a hot air stream at up to 70Â °C.
The Vortex Tube Refrigerator Apparatus is a fully instrumented bench top Vortex Tube Refrigerator Apparatus having no moving parts and requiring only a compressed air or other suitable gas supply to operate.
The hermetically sealed refrigerant compressor incorporates a brushless three phase DC electric motor that is driven by a variable speed controller. Compressor speed and power supplied is displayed on the PC.
The condenser and evaporator are brazed plate heat exchanger and utilize a large common reservoir of water to minimize changes in water temperature during operation. The refrigerant exiting the compressor passes through a condenser, receiver, filter, variable area flow meter, expansion valve and evaporator before retuning to the inlet side of the compressor.
The refrigerator circuit is made ofcopper pipes.The set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fastassembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit. The Trainer On Industrial Refrigerators With One Evaporator And An Open Type Compressor With Fault Simulation allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal industrial refrigerators fitted with water evaporator and an open-type compressor. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of arefrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simplefaults. The refrigerant is Freon R134a (HFC), CFC free, and the unitincludes the measuring instruments that are necessary to survey operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm vice, and a vertical frame, where the maincomponents of the unit and a silk-screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight.
Required services of Trainer On Industrial Refrigerators With One Evaporator And An Open Type Compressor With Fault Simulation
Testing And Failure Simulation Set for a three-phase motor used in cooling and climate control units.
Portable electric panel consisting of
1. Front Panel, side A
3 ammeters for the measurement of phase currents absorbed
Voltmeter for the measurement of mains voltage
Motor protection switch with adjustable trip level.
Mains voltage telltale.
Black power supply bushings for motor tested
Yellow/green ground bushing.
2. Front Panel, side B
Voltage at ends of motor windings telltales
Telltale used as a probe to verify presence of voltage at bushings
Black power supply bushings for motor outside the control panel
3. Back Panel
Connector for connection to motor - external compressor assembly.
Power cable inlet complete with EC plug
4. External assembly consisting of:
Pressure gauge
380V 50Hz 1HP 4-pole asynchronous three-phase motor coupled to type 0VT-12 open compressor.
Simplicity and clearness are the fundamental requirements that permit the teacher and students to operate without having todeal first with complicated utilization procedures. The Air Conditioning And Climatization Study Unit has been developed for insertion in the most advanced educationalsubjects. The flow is pre-heated, then moisturized by steam diffusers it is cooled through the evaporator and sent to the final chamber. The working principle of the apparatus is the following an air flow generated by a centrifugal fan enters a tunnel passingthrough a fluid thread rectifier. Before this last stage it may be re-heated andmoisturized by water diffusers, to experiment on heating environments and to have the opportunity to vary as manyparameters as possible for a complete study on air conditioning. As the air passes through the tunnel it undergoes a series of treatments, until it arrives in thelast chamber, which represents the environment to be conditioned.
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The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fast assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit. The Trainer On Industrial Refrigerators With One Evaporator And An Hermetic Compressor With Fault Simulation allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal industrial one-compartment refrigerator systems, fitted with positive temperature evaporator and hermetic compressor. The refrigerant is Freon R134a (HFC), CFC free, and the unit includes the measuring instruments that are necessary to monitor operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of a refrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simple fault. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm clamp, and a vertical frame, where the main components of the unit and a screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight.
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The Trainer On Domestic Refrigerators With One Evaporator And Hermetic Compressor allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal domestic one-compartment refrigerator systems, fitted with positive temperature evaporator and hermetic compressor. The training unit is supplied as standard with a full set of manuals describing the composition of the unit, the set up procedure, operating methods and some exercises. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fast assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm vice, and a vertical frame, where the main components of the unit and a silk-screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of a refrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simple faults.
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Electrically or manually operated gates allow simulating the fresh air inlet and the presence of one user. Two heat exchangers are assembled inside the air distribution system which allow varying the cooling or heating capacities. The Central Climatization System simulates the indoor air treatment for buildings such as hospitals, schools, hotels.Two fans - one at the air inlet, one at the air outlet - generate an air flow passing in an air distribution system, which has theshape of an H. The unit is supplied with a manual that describes each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures. A chiller complete with a reverse cycle valve feeds the two exchangers with hot or cold water according to the selectedcycle.
Experiments:
Study of a chiller and its functioning as a heat pump
Study of air flow and air flow measurements.
Influence of fresh air inlet
Influence of the air flow
Summer air conditioning
Winter air conditioning.
The working principle of the apparatus is the following: an air flow generated by a centrifugal fan enters a tunnel passing through a fluid thread rectifier. As the air passes through the tunnel it undergoes a series of treatments, until it arrives in the last chamber, which represents the environment to be conditioned. The Air Conditioning Study Unit With Climatic Chamber And Air Recycle Circuit has been developed for insertion in the most advanced educational subjects. Simplicity and clearness are the fundamental requirements that permit the teacher and students to operate without having to deal first with complicated utilization procedures. Before this last stage, it may be pre-heated and moisturized by water diffusers, to experiment on heating environments and to have the opportunity to vary as many parameters as possible for a complete study on air conditioning. The flow is pre-heated, then moisturized by steam diffusers it is cooled through the evaporator and sent to the final chamber.
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The Computerized Air Conditioning And Climatization Study Unit has been developed for insertion in the most advanced educational subjects. The working principle of the apparatus is the following an air flow generated by a centrifugal fan enters a tunnel passing through a fluid thread rectifier. Simplicity and clearness are the fundamental requirements that permit the teacher and students to operate without having to deal first with complicated utilization procedures. As the air passes through the tunnel it undergoes a series of treatments, until it arrives in the last chamber which represents the environment to be conditioned. Before this last stage, it may be pre-heated and moisturized by water diffusers, to experiment on heating environments and to have the opportunity to vary as many parameters as possible for a complete study on air conditioning. The flow is pre-heated, then moisturized by steam diffusers it is cooled through the evaporator and sent to the final chamber.
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Domestic Conditioning Trainer allows to study the split type conditioners with inverter. The system is supplied complete with technical manual and experiments. It enables thestudent to acquire a good knowledge and practice with the main components of this kind of equipment.
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The Vacuum And Recharge Station unit allows the assembling and disassembly of refrigeration and air conditioning plants and the filling and drainingoperations of the refrigerating fluid.
Vacuum and Recharge Station Composed of:
Portable recharge station with trolley-mounted frame, fitted with two-stage pump 120W for high vacuum, graduated charging cylinder
The two-stage pump used is fitted with a ballast valve and anti-air return valve
a.Flow rate: 3.6 m3/h
b.Cylinder capacity: 1.1 kg, capacity more than enough for filling of our educational equipment
c. Dimensions: 450 x 280 x 550 h mm
Ratchet wrench for refrigeration
Multigas electronic leak detector able to rapidly locate gas leaks.
Adjustable wrench max. Opening 30 mm
Cylinder connector.
The Trainer On Industrial Refrigerators With One Evaporator And A Semi-Hermetic Compressor With Fault Simulation allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal industrial refrigerators, fitted with positive temperature evaporator and semi-hermetic compressor. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm vice, and a vertical frame, where the main components of the unit and a silk-screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The refrigerant is Freon R134a (HFC), CFC free, and the unit includes the measuring instruments that are necessary to survey operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of a refrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simple faults. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fast assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit.
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The Trainer On Domestic Refrigerators With Two Evaporators And Hermetic Compressor allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal domestic refrigerators with freezing room, fitted with positive temperature evaporator, negative temperature evaporator and hermetic compressor. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm clamp, and a vertical frame, where the main components of the unit and a screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The refrigerant is (HFC), CFC free, and the unit includes the measuring instruments that are necessary to monitor operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of a refrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simple faults. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fast assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit.
Experiments:
Filling of a refrigerator circuit and leak detection.
Study of the main components.
Fault simulation.
Assembly and disassembly of the circuit.
The Set Of Sectioned Components For Refrigeration And Conditioning Plants set includes some of the most important components, used in refrigeration and conditioning plants such ascompressors, condensers, expansion valves etc. Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings andtechnical data. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.The use of contrasting colors according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learningone.
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The Car Climatization Study Unit allows to study a climatization plant for motor vehicles by simulating both the cooling and the heating of thepassenger compartment.It includes the basic components present in this type of plants and allows to simulate the real working conditions. The fluidutilized is Freon R134a (HFC), which is CFC free.The unit is mounted on a wheeled frame and is fitted with the instruments necessary to measure the working parameters.Besides, it is possible to simulate same single faults.The study unit is supplied with manuals which describe the components, the installation and utilization procedures as well asmany exercises with experimental results.
Experiments:
Heating of the passenger compartment.
Effect of the engine speed on the frigorific cycle.
Effect of the air temperature at the condenser.
Cooling of the passenger compartment for a given thermal load.
Fault simulation.
Calculation of the frigorific efficiency under different load conditions.
Testing And Failure Simulation Set for a single-phase motor (sealed and semi sealed compressor) used in cooling and climate control units.
Portable electric panel consisting of:
Back panel
Upper side of trainer
Front Panel, side A
Front Panel, side B.
The refrigerant is Freon R134a (HFC), CFC free, and the unit includes the measuring instruments that are necessary to monitor operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. The Trainer On Industrial Refrigerators With Two Evaporators And Semi-Hermetic Compressor allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the industrial refrigerators with two evaporators and semi-hermetic compressor. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm clamp, and a vertical frame, where the main components of the unit and a screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of a refrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simple faults. The Trainer On Industrial Refrigerators With Two Evaporators And Semi Hermetic Compressor set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fast assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit.
Experiments:
Filling of a refrigerator circuit and leak detection.
Fault simulation.
Study of the main components.
Assembly and disassembly of the circuit.
A system of solenoid and manual valves enables the desired configuration to be chosen, to simulate the most commonplace faults and to section the circuit during maintenance operations. The Modular Trainer On Refrigerator System enables the study of refrigerator systems based on different types of compressor (hermetic, semi-hermetic, open) and expansion systems (thermostatic valve, thermo-pressure valve, capillary tube). The system uses CFC-free refrigerant fluid Freon R134a (HFC) and includes measuring instruments to monitor operating parameters and test the refrigerator circuit. Modular Trainer On Refrigerator System uses air condensers (one for each compressor) and an air evaporator and includes a defrosting system based on electric resistances operated by a timer.
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The refrigerant is Freon R134a (HFC), CFC free, and the unit includes the measuring instrumentsthat are necessary to monitor operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm clamp, and a vertical frame, where the maincomponents of the unit and a screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The Trainer on Domestic Refrigerators with Two Evaporators and Open Type Compressor with Fault Simulation allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal domestic refrigerators withfreezer compartment, fitted with two parallel evaporators, one with positive temperature, one with negative temperature andan open-type compressor.
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The Computerized Boiling Point Heat Transfer Unit is designed to display the various types of boiling to change the intensity of the heat flow. The experiment is performed with environmentally-friendly, special low boiling point liquid. A transparent vessel allows to observe the evaporation process at the heated cylinder. More precisely, can be reproduced the nucleate and the film boiling and it can plot the so-called pool boiling which is the basis of the design of the systems with the steam boiler. The cylinder operates as a fire tube heated from the inside. An integrated water-cooled condenser allows for a continuous boiling process. The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures and give many exercises. The special liquid used evaporates at low temperatures. An automatic data acquisition and analysis system for Personal Computer allows to take the measurements automatically, to plot the curves on screen or print them out, to store the experimental data on disk or print them.
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Compact laboratory designed for training of 14 years students and over. The trolley is completely mobile and has 5 storage drawers, protecting the equipment in shock-free, molded sponge pods. You can organize the equipment according to the subjects for quick and easy setup and control of the equipment itself. It is particularly suitable to introduce the main and practical refrigeration applications in both vocational and technical schools. It is possible to compose the circuit on the aluminum surface to place on the working top. Opportunity of fault insertion and detection. It is ideal for all teaching environments and its modular design guarantees both flexibility and adaptability for all the experiments. The Refrigeration Mobile Lab is already equipped with all the necessary feed fittings according to the industrial standards.
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The Computerized Refrigeration Study Unit With Mass Energy Balance is an extremely easy-to-use and functional unit able to permit the study of a compression frigorific cycle and the evaluation of the cycle efficiency and the energy balance at the evaporator and at the condenser. A front panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities under control, so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task. The unit is supplied with manuals which describe the components, the installation and utilization procedures as well as many exercises with experimental results. Moreover, the transducers and the dedicated software allows the data acquisition of the main thermodynamic quantities and to obtain or as a table or as a graph, the acquired values and the thermodynamic calculated quantities. The unit allow the study of the main thermodynamics quantities as a function of the thermal load at the evaporator and the calculation of the power required at the compressor shaft.
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The Refrigeration Study Unit With Mass Energy Balance is an extremely easy-to-use and functional unit able to permit the study of a compression frigorific cycle and the evaluation of the cycle efficiency and the energy balance at the evaporator and at the condenser. A front panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities under control so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task. The unit is supplied with manuals which describe the components the installation and utilization procedures as well as many exercises with experimental results. The unit allow the study of the main thermodynamics quantities as a function of the thermal load at the evaporator and the calculation of the power required at the compressor shaft.
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The Refrigeration And Conditioning has been designed for both theoretical and practical learning of refrigeration technics. The unit has been designed for operation with CFC free Freon as primary and unfreezable mixture as secondaryrefrigerant. On the front panel, a synoptic diagram reproduces the plant clearly showing each component and the measurement pointsprovided in the circuit. The Refrigeration And Conditioning unit is self-sufficient and provided with all the instruments which are necessary to allow a wide experimentation.
The Refrigeration And Conditioning unit is available in two versions:
Refrigeration Study Unit with Heat Pump.
Refrigeration Study Unit.
The Refrigerating Room is an extremely easy-to use and functional unit able to permit the study of the characteristics of a refrigeratingroom to store supplies at low temperature. The unit is supplied with a manual which describes the components, the installation and utilization procedures as well asmany exercises with experimental results. Front panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities undercontrol, so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task.
Technical Features:
Compressor power: 150 W
High temperature thermostat: -5 · +25°C
Low temperature thermostat: -7 · -35°C
Refrigerating room capacity: 30 l
The unit allows the study of this cycle and particularly the influence of the temperature of the body to be cooled. Moreover it is possible to evaluate the cycle performances, hence the heat exchange when the body temperature changes. The Computerized Low Temperature Refrigeration Study Unit is an extremely easy-to use and functional unit able to permit the study of a low temperature refrigerating cycle through a simple compression refrigerating cycle. Moreover, the transducers and the dedicated software allows the data acquisition of the main thermodynamic quantities and to obtain or as a table or as a graph, the acquired values and the thermodynamic calculated quantities. A front panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities under control, so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task. The unit is supplied with a manual which describes the components, the installation and utilization procedures as well as many exercises with experimental results.
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The Air Distribution Study Unit consists of a centrifugal fan, driven by a variable speed a.c. with inverter electric motor that can be easily regulated. A kit of ducts, bends and elbows of commercial size is supplied with the unit to simulate an air duct and to study its headlosses. Air Distribution Study Unit has been designed to perform a complete set of experiments concerning air distribution inconditioning plants. A kit of instruments (Pitot tube, Venturimeter, anemometer, differential manometer) is supplied along with the unit in order tomeasure the most important quantities.
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Compact laboratory designed for training of 14 years students and over. The Air Conditioning Mobile Lab is already equipped with all the necessary feed fittings according to the industrial standards. It is ideal for all teaching environments and its modular design guarantees both flexibility and adaptability for all the experiments. It is particularly suitable to introduce the main and practical air conditioning applications in both vocational and technical schools. The trolley is completely mobile and has 5 storage drawers, protecting the equipment in shock-free, molded sponge pods. It is possible to compose the circuit on the aluminum surface to place on the working top. Opportunity of fault insertion and detection. You can organize the equipment according to the subjects for quick and easy setup and control of the equipment itself.
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The Low Temperature Refrigeration Study Unit is an extremely easy-to use and functional unit able to permit the study of a low temperature refrigerating cycle through a simple compression refrigerating cycle. A front panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities under control, so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task. The unit allows the study of this cycle and particularly the influence of the temperature of the body to be cooled. Moreover it is possible to evaluate the cycle performances, hence the heat exchange when the body temperature changes. The main characteristic of the Low Temperature Refrigeration Study Unit is that to enable the student to study the low temperature refrigerating cycles, hence the properties of the low temperature heat exchanges, particularly the non-stationary low temperature heat exchange, as a function of the temperature of the body to be cooled. The unit is supplied with a manual which describes the components, the installation and utilization procedures as well as many exercises with experimental results.
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The Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Study Unit is an extremely easy-to use and functional unit able to permit the study of an absorption refrigerating cycle. The cycle peculiarityis to generate low temperature using an heat source. The heat can be produced or by an electric source or by a gas burner.The cooling fluid is ammonia (NH3), housed in a sealed circuit. Afront panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities undercontrol, so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task. The unit is supplied with the electric resistance heater, but it is possible, on demand, to have the gas burner. A refrigerating room allow the cooling effect visualization. The main characteristic of the Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Study Unit is to enable the student to observe the absorption refrigerating cycle.
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A front panel with mimic diagram and instrumentation allows to keep the most significant thermodynamic quantities undercontrol, so facilitating the students understanding and the teachers task. The Heat Pump Study Unit Air and Water is an extremely easy-to use and functional unit designed to allow the understanding of the theoreticalprinciples governing the frigorific cycles with heat pump. The unit is supplied with manuals which describe the components, the installation and utilization procedures as well as manyexercises with experimental results. The unit allows the cycle inversion, too.
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Vapour Jet Refrigerator And Heat Pump A simple ejector performs the expansion and compression processes involved in the combined cycles. A small electric motor drives the pump of the Rankine cycle. The heat source is electrically heated and produces high pressure vapour to drive the ejector.
A bench top example of a Vapour Jet Refrigerator And Heat Pump that is driven by a heat source. The unit operates on a combined Rankine and vapour compression refrigeration cycle using a low pressure, non-toxic ozone friendly refrigerant.
The Mechanical Heat Pump consists of a hermetic compressor, an insulated coiled concentric tube water cooled condenser, a liquid receiver, a thermostatically controlled expansion valve and air heated evaporator.
Mechanical Heat Pump components are clearly but compactly arranged in a manner similar to that used for many domestic air-water heat pumps and all are visible from the front of the unit.
The components of the heat pump and its instrumentation are mounted on a high quality ABS plastic panel.
Mechanical Heat Pump is given up to the cooling water and the refrigerant condenses to a liquid before passing to the liquid receiver and then the expansion valve. Slightly superheated Refrigerant vapour enters the compressor from the evaporator and its pressure is increased. This brings about a rise in temperature and the hot vapour enters the water cooled condenser.
Refrigeration Laboratory Unit is a fully instrumented refrigerant vapour compression refrigerator with belt driven compressor, electrically heated evaporator, thermostatic expansion valve and water cooled condenser. Refrigeration Laboratory Unit Instrumentation includes all relevant temperatures, condenser pressure, evaporator pressure, refrigerant and cooling water flow rates, evaporator and motor power, motor torque and compressor speed. Operating parameters can be varied by adjustment of condenser cooling water flow and electrically heated evaporator supply voltage. Components have a low thermal mass resulting in immediate response to control variations and rapid stabilisation.
Experimental Capabilities:
Investigation of the variation in refrigerator duty or cooling ability for various condensing temperatures.
Investigation of the variation in refrigeration Coefficient of Performance for the various condensing temperatures.
Production of a vapour compression cycle diagram under various conditions.
Production of an energy balance for the refrigerator.
Investigation of the performance of the thermostatic expansion valve.
Investigation of the heat delivered to the cooling water with variation in condensing temperature.
Investigation of the variation in Coefficient of Performance based on electrical, shaft and indicated power.
Determination of the overall heat transfer coefficient for the condenser cooling coil.
Investigation of power input based on electrical, shaft and indicated power.
Investigation of the Coefficient of Performance as a Heat Pump for various condensing temperatures.
The components are clearly but compactly arranged in a manner similar to that used for many domestic air-water heat pumps and all are visible from the front of the unit.
The Water Water Heat Pump consists of a hermetic compressor, an efficient plate heat exchanger condenser and evaporator, a liquid receiver, a thermostatically controlled expansion valve.
The operating cycle is as follows:
Slightly superheated Refrigerant vapour enters the compressor from the evaporator and Water Water Heat Pump pressure is increased. Heat is given up to the cooling water and the refrigerant condenses to a liquid before passing to the liquid receiver and then the expansion valve. This brings about a rise in temperature and the hot vapour enters the water cooled plate condenser.
A bench mounted vapour compression Refrigeration Cycle Demonstration Unit using a hermetic compressor and water cooled flooded glass condenser and evaporator. Internal electrical and mechanical safety devices allow for unsupervised operation by students. Standard instrumentation fitted enables measurement of the condenser and evaporator pressures and temperatures as well as water flow rates and water temperatures. A float controlled expansion device controls the flow of refrigerant in the system. Refrigeration Cycle Demonstration Unit operates on low-pressure non-toxic ozone friendly refrigerant.
Experimental Capabilities:
Investigation and demonstration of the pressure-temperature relationship during evaporation and condensation.
Demonstration of the vapour compression refrigeration and heat pump cycle with visual observation of all-important processes.
Demonstration of: -
Determination of effect of evaporating and condensing temperatures on the refrigeration rate and condenser heat output.
Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient in a simple shell and tube type heat exchanger.
Investigation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on system performance.
Charging
Pumping over or pumping down the refrigerant charge into the condenser.
The effect of air in refrigeration systems.
The Oil Return In Refrigeration Systems is of key importance for the service life of the compressor and thus for a secure constant supply of refrigeration. In the vaporised refrigerant the oil remains liquid in the lower parts of the system. This can result in lack of oil in the compressor. To return the oil to the compressor, a minimum velocity must be maintained in the pipes. A small diameter of the rising pipe results in a high velocity and ensures the return of the oil even under partial load. However, at full load the pressure loss increases due to the small diameter. The velocity in the rising pipe depends on the pipe diameter and the refrigerant mass flow. In most compressors some lubrication oil is carried along with the compressed refrigerant. In the liquid refrigerant the oil is dissolved in the refrigerant and is transported without problems. If the velocity in the rising pipe on the intake side of the compressor is too low (partial load), the oil is not returned to the compressor due to its higher density.
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These differ in their characteristics decisively from flow equipment which include the turbo compressors that are common in very large systems. In Piston Compressors the flow rate is mainly dependent on the displaced volume and speed. Smaller refrigeration systems usually have a Piston Compressor. Because the flow rate is a measure for the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration system, the properties of the compressor are important for the capacity of the whole system. Piston compressors are positive displacement machines. Due to the unavoidable dead space the flow rate drops with increasing pressure ratio.
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Refrigeration systems with two-stage compression are used for the generation of particularly low temperatures. Therefore, two compressors are connected in series, with each compressor only having a relatively low pressure ratio. At very low temperatures large pressure differences are required between the evaporator and condenser. In a compressor the volumetric efficiency drops significantly at high pressure ratios. In addition, intercooling between the low pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor reduces the outlet temperature of the compressor to harmless values and improves the efficiency of the compression. This makes a more favourable dimensioning of the low pressure stage compressor possible. Due to the large specific volume it requires a larger capacity at lower drive power.
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This climate depends on different influences, such as the surface temperature of the evaporators, cold storage room temperature, degree of evaporator icing, quantity and type of refrigerated goods etc. Icing of the evaporators significantly reduces the refrigeration capacity and must therefore be prevented as much as possible by periodic defrosting, i.e. heating the evaporator surfaces. The climate in the cold storage room has a significant effect on the quality of the products stored there. The icing of the evaporators depends on the evaporator and room temperatures and the quantity of humidity introduced by the refrigerated goods. The evaporator surface can be heated from the outside by electric heating or from the inside by hot gas directly from the refrigerant compressor. In addition to the periodic defrosting at set times, there is defrosting performed as required by measuring the actual ice coating.
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The super Heater included in the set is a heat exchanger ensuring the complete evaporation of the refrigerant before entering the compressor whilst the liquid refrigerant is supercooled upstream of the expansion element. The set includes simple refrigeration components, such as expansion elements and filters, as well as electrical components, e.g. switches and thermostat. Via pressure and temperature measurements the change of state of the refrigerant can be tracked and entered. The temperature is measured by interlaboratory thermometers. The control behaviour of the expansion element is monitored at the flow meter. Manometers provide an insight to the pressure ratios in the refrigeration circuit.
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Commercial components are used in practical experiments. These components are mounted on plates ready to be connected and are arranged clearly in the frame. This allows for the defrosting of an iced-up evaporator by operating it temporarily as condenser. Manometers provide an insight to the pressure ratios in the refrigeration circuit. The set includes complex refrigeration components, such as capacity controller, start-up controller, defrost timer, 4/2-way reversing valve and refrigeration controller. The 4/2-way reversing valve, for example, is used to reverse the circuit.
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The model is plugged onto the base unit, secured using fasteners and connected with refrigerant hoses to become a complete refrigeration circuit. In refrigeration and freezing combinations evaporators are preferably connected in parallel. This is part of the training system for refrigeration and air conditioning technology. To increase the refrigeration capacity, evaporators are operated connected in series. Here different pressure levels in the evaporators can be used to obtain different temperature ranges for refrigeration or freezing. In combination with the base unit the operational model of a refrigeration system with refrigeration and freezing stage results.
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The model is plugged onto the base unit, secured using fasteners and connected with refrigerant hoses to become a complete refrigeration circuit for the air cooler. In systems for room cooling the air to be cooled is aspirated from the room by a fan, cooled and fed back into the room. This model demonstrates the principles of room cooling and the components of an air conditioning system. This is part of the HSI training system for refrigeration and air conditioning technology. In combination with the base unit the operational model of a simple air conditioning system is created.
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Absorption refrigeration systems operate using thermal energy. This basic principle is demonstrated in the experimental unit with the example of an ammonia-water solution with the ammonia acting as refrigerant. They use the principle of liquids evaporating already at low temperatures when pressure is reduced. In the evaporator the liquid ammonia evaporates and withdraws heat from the environment. To keep the evaporation pressure low, the ammonia steam in the absorber is absorbed by the water. For this purpose, the high concentration ammonia solution is heated in a generator until the ammonia evaporates again. In the final step, the ammonia steam is cooled in the condenser to the base level, condenses and is returned to the evaporator. The low concentration ammonia solution flows back to the absorber. To maintain the pressure differences in the system, hydrogen is used as an auxiliary gas. In the next step, ammonia is permanently removed from the high concentration ammonia solution to prevent the absorption process from being halted.
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The experimental unit generates cold and hot air with the aid of ordinary compressed air. A vortex cooling device does not have any moving parts, is maintenance-free and immediately ready for operation. The vortex cooling device is used for the convective cooling of high-speed tools, the air conditioning of protection suits and the cooling of switch cabinets. The central element of the experimental unit is a vortex cooling device also known as a vortex tube. In the vortex tube the tangentially incoming compressed air is moved in rapid rotation. It is particularly suited for use in explosive environments. One benefit here is that the vortex cooling device does not require an electric power supply. This creates a cold and hot air flow in the vortex tube which leaves the vortex tube at opposite ends.
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The refrigeration circuitry includes a water cooled condenser complete with isolating valves, manual expansion valve, evaporator, variable area flowmeter for mass flow of refrigerant, filter/drier unit, sight glass and over pressure cut-out for unit protection. The unit is designed to use Tetrafluoroethane as the refrigerant with a twin cylinder reciprocating compressor, belt driven by the variable speed dynamometer.
The evaporator coil is mounted in an electrically stirred water/glycol mixture contained in a thermally insulated, stainless steel tank. The water/ glycol mixture is protected from over temperature conditions by a thermostat should the heater should be left on when the compressor is not circulating refrigerant. Heating of this water/glycol mix is infinitely variable enabling balanced experimental conditions over a wide range of temperatures to be obtained.
Experimental Capabilities:
Determine the Mechanical, Thermodynamic (Isentropic) and Volumetric efficiencies.
Estimate the rate at which heat is transferred to the system from the surrounding environment.
Determine the energy flows and coefficient of performance for given operating instructions.
Operate the refrigeration unit over a range of conditions.
Estimate the Heat Transfer Coefficient.
Compile an energy balance under light load and full load conditions.
Examine the behaviour refrigerating cycle under variable loads and speeds.
The air is next passed through a filter of the type used in commercial systems and then cooled by the evaporation of refrigerant in a built-in condensing refrigeration unit. A variable delivery fan supplies metered air to a pre-treatment plenum chamber where it can be heated and humidified to a variable and measured extent. Any moisture condensed from the air at this stage is collected in a measuring cylinder. The refrigerant compressor is a single cylinder unit driven by an AC motor. The air then passes through a reheating chamber with a measurable heat input facility before discharge to atmosphere. The design of the unit is such as to ensure that all readings provided by the instrument relate to a proper homogeneous air flow.
Special Features:
The refrigerator condenser is adequate for use under tropical conditions, i.e. with cooling water up to 32ºC (90ºF).
Temperature readings from a total of 16 remote reading thermocouple instruments are provided by the Cussons multi-point, multi-range, thermometer. Safety in use Interlocked controls make it impossible to generate steam from the humidifier or to run either the air flow preheater or the air reheater without first turning on the air flow blower. However, water in the steam generator can be heated to 90ºC before starting the blower, in order to save class time. The level of water in the steam generator is shown by a sight glass.
The temperature reading point operative at any one time is shown by an indicator light on the mimic diagram.
The Demonstration Unit Heat Pump Shows the Operation of a Heat Pump - Air and Water. This Comprehensive Training Equipment, Students Will Be Able to Study the Use of Energy From the Environment to Heat Water. The Refrigerant Absorbs the Ambient Heat Through the Fan of the Evaporator, and There After, This Heat is Transferred to the Water in the Condenser. With The Hot Water Storage Tank is Equipped With Internal Heat Exchanger, Which Can Be Connected to the Energy Exchange With the Flow of Running Water. The System Consists of Compressor,circulation Valve, the Flow Control Valve, The storage, Condenser, Filter and Dryer, Regulator and Evaporator With Fan, Water Flow Meters,temperature and Pressure Sensors With Display in the Key Points of the Circuit.
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The unit is similar to the being a bench top mounted unit, and with a mimic of the refrigeration circuit on the front panel. The circuits are arranged within the evaporators to allow for hot gas defrosting. Faults that can be simulated include blockage of pipes, filters, failure of expansion devices, thermostats etc. However the circuit is considerably more complicated including one chamber for chilling and one chamber for frozen produce.
Experimental Capability:
Commercial Refrigeration Trainer principle is similar to the but covers a range of refrigeration faults.
It also covers a range of refrigeration faults include fault on the compressor, fault on the oil separator, fault on the constant pressure regulator, fault initiated by blocked freezer evaporator or liquid line or by restricted freezer liquid line or by blocked drier or by blocked condenser air path or by compressor short cycling, faulty check valve, fault on freezer TEV, refrigerator TEV etc.
The refrigeration trainer can be used as an introduction to the basics of refrigeration circuits including safety & operating switches conveniently built into the electrical circuits with the student assessing the consequences, & building up a diagnosis capability.
Features of Commercial Refrigeration Trainer:
Expansion of refrigerant is possible through a number of different devices such as a regulating valves & capillary tubes of various lengths. Pressure is displayed at two points on the circuit
Faults are cleared by releasing the depressed switches & by opening the hand valves. Adjustment faults may be introduced by setting incorrect values on the Pressure stats on the front panel.
The refrigeration trainer provides additional refrigerant capability, with both chiller & freezer chamber. A defrosting heater is provided driven by hot refrigerant gas. Fault initiation is also included
The training system provides functioning refrigeration circuits utilizing commercial control & components. It provides realistic training in setting up, operating & fault finding in refrigeration systems. The system operates with one of the latest environmentally acceptable refrigerants
A mimic of the refrigerant circuit is provided on the front panel showing the circuit comprising of compressor, condenser & evaporator with an insulated chamber.
The refrigeration trainer is mounted on a wheeled stand due to its weight but at bench top height to provide students with experience in the safety, operation & faults of a refrigeration system
Faults can be initiated by switches set in the control & monitoring circuits
Faults that can be simulated include blockage of pipes filter, failure of expansion devices, thermostats etc Faults are selected by depressing switches & by use of the hand valves.
The test rig comprises of a refrigerating chamber with forced draught evaporator fed by a thermostatic expansion valve, a condensation unit of 250 W; transparent access panel; refrigeration circuit with flow display screen equipped with heat exchanger for subcooling the liquid and the solenoid valve; electric defrost system and control through programmable PLC and timing. Our equipment allows students to visualize and study the process of industrial refrigeration. Despite being a bench top unit, it includes all the essential components of a large scale installation. The unit has been built using modular systems and it can reach a cooling temperature of -30ºC. It includes a drying filter and a liquid storage tank.
Experimental Capability:
Heat transfer and thermal insulation
Coolants
Calculation of thermal loads
Refrigerating chambers and industrial refrigeration
Automatic control and instrumentation
Psychrometric processes (low temperature)
Refrigerator cycles
Steam compression
The fault switches are hidden beneath a panel on the door of the control cubicle so they are not visible whilst the particular fault is being diagnosed. This allows the unit to be demonstrated in the classroom, which in the real world may not be possible. The cubicle is fitted with examples of the typical devices one may come across in the field, such as high and low pressure switches and a thermostat. The allows the lecturer to introduce 12 faults into a control circuit, which has been wired by the student. The Unit has a mimic diagram on the front panel, which simulates an actual compressor control circuit.
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The resulting smoke filaments clearly show streamlines around the test shapes.
A smoke generator generates a visual oil mist that is introduced into the airstream ahead of the test shape through a number of fine nozzles.
A 90 degree bend of constant cross section has air blown through it from the Airflow System. When connected to a suitable multi-tube manometer the static pressure profile along the inner and outer radius of the bend may be measured at a range of air velocities. Along the inner and outer radius at strategic points, static pressure tapping points are located.
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A small footprint, high volume high pressure centrifugal fan with adjustable flow control, inlet and outlet couplings.
A comprehensive range of optional accessories are available that may be connected to the fan inlet, outlet or both as required.
11 Optional Heat Exchangers available:-
Flow Visualization Investigation
Multitube Manometer
Bernoulli's Equation
Flow Around a Bend Investigation
Jet Attachment Investigation
Boundary Layer Investigation
Round Turbulent Jet Investigation
Drag Force Investigation
Principles of Airflow, Friction Losses in Bends and Pipe Elements
Principles of Airflow, Fan Test and Flow Measurement
Principles of Airflow, Pressure and Velocity Distribution (Pitot-Traverse).
A separate instrumentation console allows measurement and display of the engine torque, speed, air consumption, fuel consumption, inlet air temperature and exhaust gas temperature.
A floor mounted modular internal combustion engine test stand with regenerative dynamometer and a range of optional internal combustion engines up to 4kW shaft power.
The unit is supplied with a detailed experimental operating and maintenance manual giving example experimental results and sample calculations.
An optional computerized data acquisition upgrade is available that allows all relevant system parameters to be automatically recorded on a PC.
Accessories and spares for two years normal operation together with a full two year warranty are also included as standard.
The cylinder has a radial tapping to allow investigation of the pressure distribution around the cylinder.
A short duct with integral load balance allows the drag of a body to be directly measured at a range of approach velocities.
The bodies include an aerofoil, cylinder and plate.
Measurement of fan air flow rate using an intake orifice plate, and an iris diaphragm at a range of air flow rates in order to determine the fan characteristics.
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The shape of the duct may be changed by tilting and sliding moveable elements to allow students to investigate the Coanda effect of jet attachment to a wall.
A rectangular slit directs an air jet towards a Y shaped duct with two outlet passages.
By blowing air from one side or another at the jet, the airflow can be directed down either of the Y shaped passages as in a pneumatic flip-flop.
A tube is attached to a measuring frame that allows the device to be traversed horizontally and axially over the whole flow field. By this method the velocity profile at various axial distances from the jet, the pressure loss and entrained mass may be investigated.
A round parallel tube with a sharp edged discharge is used to create a turbulent jet using the air from the Air flow System.
The device allows up to 16 pressures to be monitored simultaneously either relative to atmospheric pressure or another pressure, via the common reservoir. In order to increase the device sensitivity the device may be inclined at a known angle.
A multi-tube manometer with a common reservoir, that may be used to give a graphic display of pressure distribution on multi-point pressure tapings.
The device has a pitot-static tube that can be moved axially along the duct to allow students to measure the local variations in total and static pressure due to the variation in duct cross section.
A convergent divergent duct section that connects to the Hilton Airflow System using a flexible coupling.
The measured pressure changes may be compared with the Bernoulli equation predictions. The device is designed for use with the optional multi-tube manometer.
A reversible flat plate located inside a rectangular duct. The duct has removable profile plates that can establish an increasing or decreasing pressure gradient in the direction of flow. The plate has one smooth and one artificially roughened face.
This may be moved toward the plate in measured intervals using a micrometer adjustment. The growth of the boundary layer along the plate may be investigated.
To investigate the growth of the boundary layer profile in a variety of conditions along the plate a micro- tube is provided.
This precisely designed laboratory equipment is also suitable for executing cold resistance test, thermal cycle test and RH test. Test section of this chamber is designed with wind board that regulates flow direction of air for better air circulation purpose. Developed from 304 grade stainless steel, it contains platinum made temperature sensor, easy to dismantle shelves, multiple air circulating fans, touch screen based controller and LAN based network connectivity. We are an eminent manufacturer and exporter of Environmental Chamber.
Features:
Application of mechanical compression based refrigeration system
Coated outer structure
Protected against over temperature
Mechanical water supply arrangement.
The unit consists of a forward curved variable speed centrifugal fan and integral control console together with a rectangular air intake and filter holder.
A realistically scaled ventilation training unit capable of enabling students to study both basic airflow and fluid mechanics as well as the more complex process of commissioning and balancing a multi - ducted air distribution system.
Sufficient components are supplied with the unit to enable parallel branch and line balancing experiments to be undertaken. A minimum of 6 air supply points are provided that may be balanced on the assembled unit to supply a range of air flows.
A portable manometer, pitot static tube and hand held anemometer allow a large range of experiments to be undertaken.
The fan has a supply pressure of up to 350Nm-2 and a flow rate of approximately 1400m3h-1 depending upon the blockage factor.
The fan discharges directly into a 200mm dia. galvanised steel duct and this connects directly to the distribution duct work.
