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The main types of starting are here analyzed: conventional with coil, with transistors and electronic starting. Then, the simulator analyzes the starting system with transistors, where the starting contact breaker does not have to control any more the current of the primary, but only the control current of a transistor which takes care of the switching of the current of the primary. As a first starting system, the simulator analyzes the conventional starting with coil in which the system is controlled by contacts. This means that the current which flows through the starting coil is inserted or de Âinserted mechanically through a contact in the starting distributor. Finally, the simulation panel studies also the electronic starting in which the mechanical regulator of the spark advance is eliminated and the same spark advance is calculated by the electronic control panel. In addition for the starting system with transistors and control through contacts also the versions of transistor starting system with priming system through Hall transducer or through inductive transducer are here analyzed in detail.
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To reduce environmental pollution it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the engine for what concerns the exhaust gases. The combustion of the fuel inside the cylinders of an engine is, usually, incomplete. The more it is incomplete, the bigger is the Emission of noxious components which can be found in the exhaust gases from the engine.
This simulator takes into consideration all the relevant subjects and in particular:
Preparation and control of the fuel and operating conditions
Adaptation to the operating conditions
Composition and control of the exhaust gases in the Otto cycle based engines
Recirculation of the exhaust gases
Anti vaporation of the fuel
Combustion products
Analysis of the exhaust gases in the Otto cycle based engines: test cycles
Lambda regulation
Catalytic thermal post combustion.
The Electronic Fuel Injection experiments covered by the panel are:
Injection time calculation with oscilloscope
Injection time calculation with tachometer and dwell meter
Air temperature effect on the quantity of injected fuel
Signal analysis with oscilloscope
Study of injector activation signal at various conditions
Injection duration at various speeds, temperatures and engine loads
Oxygen sensor operation.
Valve position switch output signals
Valve position sensor output signals.
Relationship between the duration of injector opening to the quantity of injected fuel.
The elements of a typical Supplemental Restraint System are: a system controller, a frontal airbag, a passengers airbag, side airbags, tensioners and sensors of side crashes. SRS AIRBAG System demonstration panel represents the AIRBAG System construction allowing evaluation of its parameters.
These elements enable diagnosing of the system.
The used sub-assemblies enable the diagnosis of the Supplemental Restraint System and of the modern control panel where the SRS AIRBAG System warning lamp is located.
The panel is equipped with an engine diagnostic connector for the installing of the diagnostic device, which enables the reading and the erasing of breakdown codes and current parameters plus the control of the control panels indicators and many other functions.
The fault simulation console enables the creation of breakdowns in selected circuits and the observation of the reaction of the control system to the occurred conditions.
This test bench is equipped with a complete computer system that expedites the test work and the performing of practical exercises. The Diesel Engine Test Bench system is designed for the study and the understanding of the four stroke gasoline combustion engine.
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Passive Safety Devices For Motorcars simulator allows the study, the testing and the troubleshooting on the devices which have been developed for the purpose of increasing the safety of driver and passengers inside motorcars. The simulator considers all those systems that allow to reduce the consequences of accidents; in particular, the following devices are analyzed:
Air bag (driver bag, passenger bag, side bag, window bag)
Passive Safety Devices For Motorcars simulator allows the Multi-function valve in the fuel tank
It is possible to simulate the behaviour of components and circuits, on the basis of operating conditions that students and teachers can control directly on the panel or through the personal computer. The different not acting safety devices are reproduced on the panel through a synoptic diagram that allows a complete analysis of the components and, in case, of the relevant electrical/electronic control circuit. The latter keeps constantly under control the simulation, by visualizing its behaviour by means of signals and analog and digital meters; in this way the student, through suitable measurements and tests, can proceed to the fault finding activity.
Hydraulic Brakes demonstration panel comprises a disk brake in the front wheel and a drum brake in the driving wheel. Both wheels can be rotated slowly. The cylinder can be moved hydraulically. When the brake is activated both wheels will stop.
The Hydraulic Brakes system covers the following subjects:
Back wheel bind pressure does not drop after releasing pedal
Front brakes failure
Hand brakes
Vacuum loss
Back brakes failure
Brake light failure.
Engine Control System Bosch Motronic demonstration panel represents direct petrol injection system MOTRONIC. Integrated engine control system shows different operation modes of the fuel injection/ignition system and the trainer is based on OEM components of Audi/VW.
The main characteristics and functions of the Engine Control System Bosch Motronic trainer are:
Integrated engine control system with direct petrol injection.
Manual adjustment of the engine crankshaft speed.
Electric wiring diagram with built-in banana plug jumpers for measurements and simulation of system fault codes.
Possibility to simulate more than 20 faults by disconnecting banana plug jumpers
Intake manifold flap regulation (vacuum pump is required; optional).
Monitoring operation of fuel supply system, injected fuel quantity, spray pattern quality, fuel pressure of the fuel pump.
Visible work process of spark plugs.
Easy access for high voltage measurements.
Low pressure fuel pump in a transparent tank which allows to see its operation.
Complete electric wiring diagram of direct petrol injection system
The Engine Control System Bosch Motronic trainer has the following diagnostic and measurement features:
Diagnosis through OBD 16 in diagnostic connector
Electronic control unit (ECU) identification
Displaying the operating system parameters (live data)
Control unit diagnosis
Control unit encoding/configuration
Reading/erasing fault codes
Possibility to measure electrical signal parameters of each system component (such as sensor or actuator)
Possibility to measure high voltage circuit of the ignition system
Activating the actuators (depending on the control unit)
Throttle valve adaptation
Possibility to measure the parameters of the system connecting to the banana connector.
Training board-simulator is a great educational tool that allows students to learn the structure of lighting system, study its components, and perform various measurements, tests and other diagnostic procedures. Fully functional Lighting Training System installed in a mobile aluminium frame and it is based on OEM components of VW/AUDI cars.
The main characteristics and functions of the Lighting Training System trainer are:
Adjustable level with the motors of front headlights.
Possible adjustments training with the headlight tester
Open contacts for measuring of system's components and circuits.
Electric wiring diagram with built-in banana plug jumpers for measurements and connecting or disconnecting the components
The Lighting Training System has the following diagnostic and measurement features:
Electronic control unit (ECU) identification
Displaying the operating system parameters (live data)
Control unit diagnosis
Throttle adaptation
Reading/erasing fault codes
Diagnosis through OBD 16 pin diagnostic connector
Activating the actuators (depending on the control unit).
Engine Control System Motronic demonstration panel represents the multipoint petrol injection (MPI) system MOTRONIC Integrated engine control system shows different operation modes of the fuel injection ignition system and the Engine Control System Motronic is based on OEM components of Audi VW.
The main characteristics and functions of the Engine Control System Motronic trainer are:
Monitoring operation of fuel supply system, injected fuel quantity, spray pattern quality, fuel pressure of the fuel pump.
Built -in fuel pump in a transparent tank which allows to see its operation;
Easy access for high voltage measurements.
Possibility to change the air/fuel mixture by the oxygen sensor signal simulator.
Integrated engine control system with multipoint petrol injection system (MPI).
Adjustable air flow rate simulator allows to demonstrate a work of mass-air flow meter and air temperature sensor.
Visible work process of spark plugs.
Manual adjustment of the engine crankshaft speed.
The Engine Control System Motronic trainer has the following diagnostic and measurement Features:
Displaying the operating system parameters (live data)
Activating the actuators (depending on the control unit)
Control unit diagnosis
Electronic control unit (ECU) identification
Possibility to measure electrical signal parameters of each system component (such as sensor or actuator)
Possibility to measure high voltage circuit of the ignition system
Throttle valve adaptation Oscilloscope/multimeter (not included in the trainer)
Possibility to measure the parameters of the system connecting to the banana connector
Control unit encoding/configuration
Reading/erasing fault codes.
The Internal Combustion Engine Test Bench is supplied with a complete computer system, which streamlines the test work. The Internal Combustion Engine Test Bench system is designed for the study and the understanding of the four stroke gasoline combustion engine.
Training Objectives:
Motor characteristic curves:
Torque - Rotational speed.
Air/fuel ratio - Rotational speed.
Specific fuel consumption Speed of rotation.
Brake horsepower - speed of rotation.
Temperature - Rotational speed.
Common Rail Diesel Engine Management System demonstration panel shows the operating of the electronic, mechanic and hydraulic elements that constitute the control and fuel feed system of the contemporary CR/EDC ignition diesel engine.
The Common Rail Diesel Engine Management System is composed of two main modules:
The fuel system enables presentation of the sub-assemblies working and a change of the fuel dose. The pump drive control allows the simulation of the full rotational speed range from the start phase to full capacity. The fault simulation console enables creating of breaks in chosen circuits and observing the reaction of the control system to the occurred position. The measuring panel enables easy installation of the check meters for all the system sensors and working sub-assemblies.
Diesel Common Rail engine control unit, equipped with a microprocessor controller used for the demonstration of the high-pressure pump and electro-injector control system. The module can only work with the pump and injector control module.
Common rail pump and injector control system for demonstration of its working and for the study of the electric and hydraulic parameters of the high-pressure pump and electro-injector control system. The module can work autonomously or together with the Diesel Common Rail engine electronic control unit.
D Jetronic Compact demonstration stand is designed to reproduce the performance of the D Jetronic mono point injection engine system and the electronic determination of the advance angle, as well as the representation of the control of the engine system in changes of the fuel dose and the advance angle, as far as the temperature, the rotational speed, the load and many more related parameters.
The simplified fuel system allows observation of the pressure parameters and others.
The measuring console allows easy installation of the check meters for all the system sensors and working sub-assemblies.
The system enables observation of the fuel injection impulse and measurement of its duration while changing the basic parameters.
The microprocessor type distributor ignition system enables observation of a change of the advance angle in a stroboscopic way or by comparing the signal of the crank position with other signals.
It is possible to install the diagnostic device through relevant socket and observe the parameters of the system.
Complete with user manual that will allow teachers to develop their own experiments.
The system enables preservation of breakdowns in chosen circuits and the observation of the reaction of the control system in the occurred condition.
The system allows self diagnosis with the aid of the flash code of the system control.
ABS ASR Power Control System demonstration panel presents the working of the Automatic Brake Power System ABS and the Anti Slip Regulation System ASR in motor vehicles with the aid of a microprocessor controller.
The system allows measurement of the following signals:
The tension of four different rotational speed sensor
The characteristics of the tension from the sensors depending on the gap width for the specified rotation speed
The characteristics of the tension from the sensors depending on the rotational speed of the toothed ring.
The pressure value in the hydraulic circuits (in the brake master cylinder or after a correction made by the ABS/ASR system)
The depth of the amplitude modulation of the sensors signal being a result of the whipping of the toothed ring in the function of the gap width.
Training engine is a great educational tool that allows students to learn the structure of the engine and its components, power supply system, cooling system, engine control system. It also allows to study components and operation modes of the engine control system, perform various measurements, tests and other diagnostic procedures. Educational Engine Model With Petrol Injection System Motronic training engine with multipoint petrol injection (MPI) system MOTRONIC is specially designed to demonstrate the engine management system and operational structure. Self contained, fully operational engine installed in a mobile frame.
The main characteristics and functions of the Educational Engine Model With Petrol Injection System Motronic trainer are:
Engine with external components is clearly visible after removing safety panels. Easy access to the engine and its components for service and maintenance.
Integrated engine emergency stop button.
Possibility to measure the exhaust gas before and after the catalytic converter.
Possibility to simulate more than 20 faults by disconnecting banana plug jumpers.
Supplied with safety removable panels to protect against hot and rotating parts.
Electric wiring diagram with built in banana plug jumpers for measurements and simulation of system fault codes
Educational functional engine model with fuel supply system, instrument cluster, cooling system, power supply system and the exhaust system.
Instrument cluster, measurement and fault simulation panel integrated in a closed aluminium frame construction.
The Educational Engine Model With Petrol Injection System Motronic trainer has the following diagnostic and measurement features:
Diagnosis through OBD 16 pin diagnostic connector
Electronic control unit (ECU) identification
Control unit diagnosis
Control unit encoding/configuration
Reading/erasing fault codes
Actuator test (depending on the control unit)
Displaying the operating system parameters (live data)
Throttle adaptation.
The system is composed of a hardware unit and of a software for the analysis of the bus: through the analogue or digital modification of the values of the can module (by means of the software) it is possible to check how the system (hardware) reacts to errors. The System For The Study Of CANOPEN has been designed for the study of electronic systems with can bus architecture, based on CAN OPEN protocols. Thanks to the functions of the software, there are different possibilities for disturbing the input signal, so that it is possible to simulate the different situations of errors in the operation of an industrial machine.
General Features:
The system is composed of two sections, a programmable master control unit and a full CAN OPEN slave, and permits the realization of simple bench experiments: using the appropriate controls it is possible, in fact, to create simple applications and different simulations of the operation of the controller. The System For The Study Of CANOPEN is composed of a dedicated hardware and of a software interface. The connection between hardware and software is carried out via two can connections, connected to the doors can line A and can line B.
System For The Study Of CANOPEN is accompanied by a software that realizes the functions of protocol and data analysis: through the software it is possible to realize the function of fault simulation that allows simulating the different error situations that may occur in an automation network. The System For The Study Of CANOPEN is open to integration with any type of device with CAN OPEN interface; the device has a dual function of use as it can be used independently or in combination with other experiments, in which it replaces the traditional PLC. The programming of the master device, to realize the function of automation, is made with a suitable compiler.
In the conventional diesel engine the rotation speed of the engine controls the pressure to the injectors and, furthermore, pressure and injection are strictly correlated, because only when the pressure exceeds a given threshold there is the mechanical opening of the injector. Common Rail Direct Injection For Diesel Engine simulator allows the study, the testing and the troubleshooting on HDI (CDI CR) injection systems for diesel engines that, similarly to what happens for the traditional injection petrol engines where, however, the pressure of the fuel is only few bars, use a high pressure electric pump and a single manifold to connect the pump to the electro-injectors, which are electronically and individually controlled for what concerns the start and the duration of the injection.
The advantages of the Common Rail Direct Injection For Diesel Engine:
High pressure also at low regimes
Reduction of the noise
Reduction of the consumptions and of the emissions.
Excellent atomization and dispersion of the fuel
Increase of the torque
The main components that characterize a Common Rail Direct Injection For Diesel Engine are the following:
Common rail with electro-injectors, fuel pressure limiting valve and relevant pressure sensor
Electronic control board for the management of the whole plant
Fuel tank with pre-filter
High pressure electro-pump
Flow limiter
Engine rpm sensor
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Over supply pressure sensor
Computerized workstation linked to the management system.
Pneumatic actuator for the variable geometry turbine
Air temperature sensor
Air mass sensor
Engine temperature sensor.
The Car Lighting System Trainer allows learning the marks and graphic symbols of the electrical installation elements according and testing the resistance, the voltage and the power in the vehicle installation system. Complete with user manual that will allow teachers to develop their own experiments.
The Car Lighting System Trainer includes the following systems:
Direction indicators, hazard lights
Headlight lift regulator
Vehicle interior lighting
Wiper equipment
Window wash system
Passing lights, driving lights and parking lights
Fog lights
Brake and reversing lights
Vehicle horn sound.
This category basically includes: buses, Lorries of various dimensions, special Lorries, haulers. The simulator analyzes also the starting systems with the device for starting repetition, those with the relay for double starting for operation in parallel and those with the switching relay for the operation in parallel. This simulator mainly takes into consideration the 12V and the 24V starting systems with switching of the batteries and the starting systems with the device for starting block. According to the great variety of industrial vehicles also the starting systems are always adapted to the structure and type of motor of the vehicle on which they must be put.
The term "industrial vehicle" is normally used for the vehicles which are made for the transport of more than 9 people, for the transport of goods and or for the haulage of trailers.
This simulation panel deals with the circuits and the electric components used in the industrial vehicles (buses, Lorries, etc.).
The following sections of the electric plant are reproduced and analyzed:
Electrical supply
Starting
Indicators
Lighting system
Head lights
Anti-fog light
Cooling and aeration
Windshield wipers
Fuel injection
Auxiliary plants
Signalling system.
The simulator takes into consideration all these components, by analyzing their behaviour and their structure. The extensive use of sensors and actuators comes from the need of the electronic control panels to know in real time the actual values of the physical parameters to be controlled or which influence the behaviour of the car.
In particular, the following components are analyzed:
Position sensors
Oxygen sensors
Temperature sensors
Pressure sensors
Air flow rate sensors
Electro pumps and geared motors
Servomotors
Electro valve
Knock sensors
Electro injectors
Coils
Level Sensors
Inertial sensors.
The simulator takes into consideration all the devices, circuits and systems for the starting and the recharging. The combustion engines must be started with a special device because, differently iron the electric motors or the steam engines, they cannot start by themselves. The simulator analyzes in detail all the different phases relevant to the starting transistors, the conditions of standard operation, the recharging and the situations or variation of the electric loads.
In particular the following components are analyzed:
Alternator
Connecting circuits
Battery
Starter.
The following sections of the electric plant of the car are reproduced on the panel:
Fuel injection
Lighting system
Anti-fog lights
Various end users
Indicators
Electrical supply
Head lights
Starting
Ignition
Cooling and aeration
Signalling system
Windshield wipers.
The stand allows the performing of a diagnosis of the system through the OBD2 connector that is connected to the main comfort controller. Complete with user manual that will allow teachers to develop their own experiments. The electric input and output signals are transmitted through banana plugs for quick measurement of their parameters. There is the possibility to change the lock and alarm mode through a new controller coding. This demonstration panel presents the functioning of the comfort system based on data transfer performed with the aid of CAN BUS.
The Can Bus In The Comfort Systems consists of:
Electric motors used to wind down and up the glasses
Electric door locks
Heated side mirrors equipped with position adjustment mechanism
A set of switches for the control of the actuators
Alarm
The comfort system controller
Simulators of hood and tailboard locks
Vehicle interior lighting.
Vehicle Sensor System demonstration panel enables learning in terms of combination, test and evaluation of the parameters of the Vehicle Sensor System sub-assemblies. It can be configured in different ways.
The Vehicle Sensor System trainer includes the following systems:
Engine and air temperature sensor
Lambda sensor
Rotation speed active sensor
Mass and volume air flow meters check system
Knock sensor
Set of the main vehicle system sensors
Differential pressure sensor
Speedometer sensor
Rotation direction sensor
Fuel level sensor
Oil pressure sensor
Acceleration sensor.
The cooling is obtained by giving heat to the exterior in the zone around the compressor. The cooled fluid expands in the expansion valve and in the evaporator and is transformed in gas. The compressor activated by the engine compresses the refrigerant which consequently warms up; in the condenser the working fluid is cooled until it reaches the liquid phase. To cool the external air refrigerating compressor based systems are exclusively used. The heat necessary for such transformation is subtracted from the entering cool air.
The simulator analyzes all the phases of the refrigeration cycle. In particular:
Relations between temperature and pressure in the refrigerant
Pressure switches
Temperature regulation
Operation of the compressor
Operation of the condenser.
With the Injection Control System simulator it is possible to study the control (diesel engine management) and the diesel engines direct injection.
The Injection Control System simulator covers the following topics:
Heavy vehicle exhaust gas analysis and emission control
Heavy vehicle turbo chargers and blowers
Heavy vehicle cold start systems
Heavy vehicle wiring diagram
Heavy vehicle electronic fuel injection systems
Heavy vehicle sensors
Fuel tank with pre filter
High pressure electro pump
Heavy vehicle Electronics Control Module (ECM)
12 V circuits
Electronic control of vehicle performance and speed
Engine protection
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Over supply pressure sensor
Flow limiter
Engine rpm sensor
Air temperature sensor, engine temperature sensor, air mass sensor.
Electronic control board for the management of the whole plant.
All relative signals, such as the output of Hall sensor, knock sensor output, engine speed, the refrigerator temperature, MAP output, A/D input, voltage and current of initial and secondary ignition, stroboscope trigger, end to test points. Ignition System simulator shows how modern Ignition System operate.
The experiments covered by the Ignition System are:
Constant current for various engine speeds
Ignition System operation at various conditions of speed, load and engine temperature
Direct ignition activation system
MAP sensor characteristics
Cooling sensor operation
Different spark types analysis
Dwell timing and control
Operation of the Ignition System with fuel electronic injection
Knock sensor characteristics
Ignition time and dwell measurements.
Ideal for training in the operation, maintenance, repair and troubleshooting.
Main Features:
Piston compressor
Condenser
Dehydrating filter
Max. power 2 kW
Cooling liquid 400gt
Troubleshooting device for simulation of 4 faults
Nomenclature table
Pressure switch
Resistor
Thermostat
Expansion valve
Evaporation unit.
The measurement sensors at the engine detect the operating data and adapt them for the use of a microprocessor, which elaborates them, recognizes the operating status of the engine and calculates accordingly the regulation signals for the control of the suitable actuators. From just one electronic control panel all the regulations on the Otto cycle based engines are performed. In this way it is possible to obtain the best interconnection among injection, fuel preparation and ignition point as a function of the various operating situations of the engine.
The Engine Operation simulator takes into consideration all these aspects by performing the following functions:
Quick acceleration/deceleration phases
Heating phase
Cut-off phase
Ignition phase
Lambda regulation
Regulation of the advance angle
Regulation of the minimum rpm
Regulation of the injection time
Limitation of the rpm
Regulation of the knock.
The whole system has been modularized to provide electronic and automotive courses with step-by-step experiments on technological educational training.
Interactive Computerized Automotive System
The simulate the operation of fuel injection system, ignition system, and the control of exhaust gas, etc. Experiments include the sensors characteristic and operation of various sensors and actuators monitored by microprocessor on the main unit.
All theoretical, experimental and practical learning procedures are supported by a personal computer assisted supervision and dedicated software.
User-friendly GUI design allows the user to display and control modules on PC screen.
CAN-compliant modules can be easily connected together using the 9-pin D-sub connectors and cables. These modules can interoperate with each other.
Each module is equipped with fault simulation switches for troubleshooting practice.
