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According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is always transferred from the higher energy level to the low energy level. If the temperature of a body does not change despite continuous addition or removal of heat, this is known as steady-state heat conduction. Heat conduction is one of the three basic forms of heat transfer.
Features:
Effect of different metals on heat conduction.
The transient response of the sensors can be examined by quickly immersing them in the second tank. Digital instruments for measuring temperature, voltage and resistance enable the characteristic curves to be drawn. A wide range of temperature measurements can be performed and compared using this unit. A 3-channel line recorder can be used to continuously record the measured values from the electrical temperature sensors (thermocouple, thermistor, RTD) and thus to document the different responses. The thermometers and temperature sensors to be investigated are heated to the same temperature in a tank of water. A second heated tank with an electronic control system provides water temperatures up to 80C.
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The Convective heat transfer In Air Flowand its accessories allow studying the convective heat transfer with different geometries of the transfer surface. Typical models such as the tubebundle, the heated tube from the outside and the heated cylinder from the inside are observed. Convective heat transfer is the transfer of heat between a surface and a fluid. Theprocesses of convective heat transfer are associated with the movements of the fluidthat is to say with convection. In the case of forced convection, thefluid is fed by a pump or fan onto the transfer surfaces, whereas in the caseof free convection, the flow occurs only under the effect of the density differential of the heated fluid. The air passes in front of the model, warms itself up and leaves by a ventilation shaft. In the air duct, aflow-friendly inlet member provides a homogeneous flow for conducting thetests. The volumetric flow rate is adjusted by a butterfly valve locatedat the fan outlet. An immersion heater, which can be placed anywhere in the tubebundle, simulates a heated tube. The convective heat transfer can thus be determined according to the position of the tube. Other models areavailable as accessories. It is also possible to show the chimney effect insidea ventilation shaft during free convection. The measuring section is an airduct with fan, in which the model of heat exchanger can be fixed easily and quickly using quick couplers. To make it possible to observe the tests, the air ductis equipped with two windows. The model included in the bundle heat exchanger delivery list includes two exchangeable tubular bundles of different geometries. The heating power and the volumetric flow can beadjusted. The heating power and the temperatures of the air and the heaterare displayed numerically. A pitot tube and a pressure measuring device make it possible to determine the speed distribution in front of and behind themodels.
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Shell & tube heat exchanger for studying the convective heat transfer between steam andwater in counter flow
Safety valvein the hot water tank for safe operation
Measurement of temperatures, pressures, flow rate and condensate volume
Steam volumecontrolled by thermostatic valve
Precise determination of the steam volume by measuring the condensate volume
Additionalmanual valve for the introduction of heating steam into the shell & tubeheat exchanger
Features:
Thermostatics team regulation
Convectiveheat transfer between steam and water
This equipment consists of high power drills fitted with long drill rods to allow the boring of the hole in the model. An electric hand-drilling machine drives the drilling rod and that is supported on a slide which is arranged at a guide way. Self Propulsion Test Ship models have to be supplied with models manufactured with holes to pass the propeller shaft and stern tube assembly. The guide way for the drilling machine is attached to a vertical slide so that the position in height of the drilling rod can be adjusted. Cussons can supply equipment to drill the holes in the stern tube at the time of manufacture. At the end of the guide way the drilling rod is supported by a bushing. Furthermore the inclination of the guide way with the drilling rod can be adjusted at the vertical slide.
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This recirculation is overlaid by perfusion in continuous operation. An additional tank with feed pump is provided for this purpose. The velocity of the circulation is set by the flow rate of the air. Airlift reactors are submerged reactors in which the energy input is achieved by applying gas. Compressed air is often used as the gas. During operation compressed air enters the airlift reactor at the bottom through the gas distributor. The added air mixes with the contents of the reactor and rises in the form of air bubbles. The rising air bubbles cause an upward flow. In doing so a portion of the oxygen in the air dissolves in the water. The gas-free liquid is fed back to the bottom section of the reactor in parallel to the riser. The area with the downward flow of an airlift reactor is called the downcomer. The area with the upward flow is called the riser. The remaining air bubbles leave the water at the top of the reactor. During operation the content of the reactor is recirculated through the riser and the downcomer.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Influence of the superficial gas velocity on:
Mass transfer coefficient
Mixing time
Gas content
Superficial fluid velocity
Heating and air conditioning technology is a key topic in building services engineering. The controller is adjusted to the respective tasks by programming, making additional cabling unnecessary. For the control and monitoring of heating and air conditioning systems DDCs (Direct Digital Control) or PLC air conditioning controllers are usually used in building services engineering.
Learning Objectives/Experiments:
Operation and programming of a DDC
Air conditioning system
Fault finding in a
Heating system
Effects of temperature changes on the operating behaviour of a
Heating system
Air conditioning system
Safety devices
The set-up also allows to take a closer look at the basic methods applied for determining the thermal conductivity of the surrounding soil of the geothermal probe. In near-surface geothermal energy generation the thermal energy stored under the Earths surface is used for heating purposes. The transparent experimental set-up provides an insight into the closed circuit of the heat transfer: it allows a clear view on the evaporation in the heat pipe, the condensation in the probe head and the reflux of the heat transfer medium on the inside wall of the heat pipe. It demonstrates the operation of a geothermal probe with heat pipe principle.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Determination of the amount of heat that can be dissipated in the heat pipe with variation of the thermal load
Determination of the sand's thermal conductivity by means of a thermal response test
Variation of the filling level of the heat transfer medium contained
Examination of the radial temperature profile in a sand sample and determination of the thermal conductivity
Fundamentals of geothermal energy
Operating behaviour of a geothermal probe with heat pipe principle
Fundamentals and energy balance of a heat pump.
A near-surface geothermal plant uses the thermal energy stored below the earths surface. Using a two-well system, for example, thermal energy is extracted from the near-surface groundwater for heating purposes. The scope of geothermal energy is the study and use of the heat and the temperature distribution in the ground. It demonstrates the operation of such a two-well system.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Hydraulic properties of the ground
Determination of the usable heat capacity
Fundamentals of geothermal use
Fundamentals and energy balance of a simulated heat pump
Operating behaviour of a two-well system.
The plate has two different surfaces so as to study the effect of surface conditions on the boundary layer. Side bodies can be used in the measuring section. The experimental unit used in the aerodynamics trainer allows the boundary layer on a flat plate to be studied. Thus the boundary layer phenomena can experience interference with a degressive or progressive pressure curve and, for example equalise the friction loss of the flow. For this purpose, air flows along the plate, parallel to the surface.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Boundary layer interference with
Degressive/progressive pressure curve
Internal friction of gases
Influence of surface roughness on the formation of a boundary layer
Investigation of the boundary layer on the flat plate.
Lobe pumps are used for delivering highly viscous and highly abrasive media. In a lobe pump two non-contact pistons rotate in two cylindrical chambers. In contrast to rotodynamic pumps, a positive displacement pump moves the medium by means of closed conveying chambers. With each revolution, they deliver the same volume.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics, operating point.
Electrolytically generated hydrogen bubbles rise with the flow, flow around the model and visualise the flow. Different models are available: drag bodies (e.g. aerofoils and cylinders) or changes in cross-sections. Fine gas bubbles are perfectly suited to visualising flow fields. Due to analogies, many flow processes that occur in air can also be demonstrated by experiments in water. Water flows from bottom to top through the experimental section. The trainer consists of a vertical experimental section in which an interchangeable model is inserted.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Vortex formation, demonstration of Karman vortices
Qualitative observation of the velocity distribution in laminar flow
Visualisation of two-dimensional flows
Flow separation
Analogy to air flow
Streamline course in flow around and through models.
Self-priming pumps are able to suck in and transport air and water. This is possible because of an additional side-channel suction stage that removes the air from the intake line and creates the negative pressure that is needed to suck in the fluid. In contrast to a simple centrifugal pump, they can also be started if there is air in the intake line.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determination of the system characteristics and the operating point of the pump
Checking of the necessary value of the pump
In combination with recording of pump characteristics
Determination of the pump efficiency
Determination of the power requirement and the hydraulic power.
It is a laboratory-scale wave energy converter consisting of a wave generator, a wave flume and the OWC wave energy converter with turbine unit. Structurally they are easy to integrate into moles, harbour walls and coastal protection systems. Wave energy converters use the energy from continuous wave movements for the environmentally friendly production of electricity. They can supply electrical energy along the coast, in particular to remote locations.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Measurement of wave motions
Familiarisation with design and operation of a Wells turbine
Familiarisation with operating principles of a wave energy converter
Understanding of energy generation from wave motion
Optimisation of operating behavior.
In conjunction with the load unit, the test engine is a complete engine test stand. The connection to the brake is made via a rotationally elastic coupling with a jointed shaft. The engine is attached to the load unit by fasteners. The engine used here is a four-cylinder diesel engine. It has its own closed cooling water circuit. A solid welded frame on rollers, with a vibration-insulated base plate, carries the entire setup. Hazardous areas such as hot surfaces and rotating parts are covered with perforated plates.
Learning Objectives/Experiments:
In conjunction with load unit
Energy balances
Overall engine efficiency
Plotting of torque and power curves
Determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Determination of specific fuel consumption.
It contains two heating circuits. Both circuits are equipped with commercially available heating technology control devices. Each heating circuit contains a circulating pump. A digital, temperature led heating controller controls the heating circuit with floor heating. A three-way mixing valve is the actuator. The second heating circuit contains a forced convector with temperature controller, a radiator with thermostatic valve and a radiator with one-pipe radiator valve. A complete domestic heating system can be set up using the trainer together with a hot water generator. Hot water passes through the radiators and heats the room air.
Learning Objectives/Experiments:
Design of a room heating system with forced convector with temperature controller
Function and design of commearcially available heating technology components
Design of a floor heating with controller and actuator
Measurement of differential pressures, temperatures and flow rates
Temperature-led heating controller (outside temperature) with three-way mixing valve
One-pipe radiator valve
Energy calculation and evaluation of emitted heating capacity
Reading and comprehension of symbols and process schematics
Design of a room heating system with radiators
Thermostatic valve.
Underfloor heating systems are particularly well suited for use with heating systems that use solar thermal collectors. Underfloor heaters transfer heat by piping systems arranged in a spiral or winding pattern beneath the floor covering. Underfloor heating requires much lower feed flow temperature than conventional radiators.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Heat transfer in an underfloor heating system
Use of heat sources for heat pump systems
Energy balance in combined heating systems for domestic hot water production and heating
Learning objectives of the modular system.
The simple heating circuit with one subcircuit contains two flat radiators and is controlled by a temperature-led controller. A three-way mixing valve is the actuator. A complete domestic heating system can be set up using the trainer together with a hot water generator, Hot water passes through the radiators and heats the room air. It contains two heating circuits. A simulator is supplied for varying the outside temperature. The heating circuit with two subcircuits contains four radiators and two heating controllers. Both heating circuits are equipped with commercially available heating technology control devices. Solenoid valves enable control of the heat distribution in the two subcircuits. Each heating circuit contains a circulating pump.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Hydronic balancing of heating circuits with multiple radiators
Function and design of commercially available heating technology components
Design of a room heating system with controller and actuator
Temperature-led heating controller (outside temperature) with three-way mixing valve
Measurement of differential pressures, temperatures and flow rates
Energy calculation and evaluation of emitted heating capacity based on measured quantity of heat
Simulator for varying outside temperature
Function and design of a room heating system divided into sections
Reading and comprehension of symbols and process schematics
Safety devices show how the drinking water pipework is protected against the backflow of waste water. A typical household drinking water installation is fitted to the panel. A small electrical boiler for hot water and a circulation pipe with the related components demonstrate the heating of domestic hot water from the cold water supplied.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Reversible flow filter
Backflow preventer / system separator
Function and operation of components
Water meter
Circulating pump
Thermal discharge safety device
Pressure reducing valve with and without
Pressure vessel with heater
System of safety devices.
The air conditioning and ventilation system includes a filter element, a fan with controlled speed, a direct evaporator as air cooler, an electric air heater and humidification by steam humidifier. The experimental setup represents a real air conditioning and ventilation system. The system capacity is sufficient to climatise a laboratory room. The air conditioning controller controls the temperature and air humidity independent of each other. The following functions are possible: heating / cooling and humdifiying / dehumidifying. For this purpose the active components can be run either manually individually or via a central PLC air conditioning controller in automatic operation. Pressure losses can be measured at each section of the duct. Via time programs, operation is possible dependent on the time of the day or the day of the week, as in reality.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Explanation of components: filter, air heater, air cooler, humidifier, condensing unit, air conditioning controller, flaps, outlets
Operation of safety devices
Investigation of the control behaviour of an automatic air conditioning controller, determination of limiting factors
Practice-oriented principles of air conditioning and ventilation technology
Design and servicing of an air conditioning and ventilation system
Principles of room air conditioning (h-x diagram)
Measurement of pressure curve and pressure losses
Effect of air cooler, air heater and humidifier on the state of the air at the outlet.
The experimental unit enables the user to examine the expansion of ideal gases. The focus is on the experimental determination of the adiabatic exponent of air using the Cment Desormes method. Gas laws belong to the fundamentals of thermodynamics and are dealt with in every training course on thermodynamics.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Adiabatic change of state of air
Isochoric change of state of air
Determination of the adiabatic exponent according to Clment-Desormes
The trainer can be used to demonstrate the principal aspects of solar thermal domestic water heating in a system with components used in real world applications. The heat then gets into the hot water circuit via a heat exchanger. Radiant energy is converted into heat in a commercially available flat collector and transferred to a heat transfer fluid in the solar circuit.
Learning Objectives/Experiments:
Determining the collector efficiency
Relationship between temperature difference and collector efficiency
Determining the net power
Familiarization with the functions of the flat collector and the solar circuit
Relationship between flow and net power.
The experiment module may be used both to heat rooms and to absorb ambient heat from the outside air. It can thus be operated as either a heat sink or a heat source for a heat pump. Experiment module consisting of a fan convector with piping, quick-release couplings and temperature sensors. This advantage makes it possible to operate room heating with lower temperatures in the heating circuit. In the case of heating rooms, compared to traditional heating radiators, fan heaters offer the possibility of achieving a comparatively good transfer of heat to the room air, even at small dimensions. When combined with a heat pump, the fan heater therefore often represents a beneficial application both economically and in terms of energy, especially when renovating heating systems in old buildings.
The disadvantage of the energy balance, particularly unfavourable in winter, in this case is contrasted with the advantage of lower initial investment costs. When absorbing ambient heat to supply heat to a heat pump, air heat exchangers are often used when there is no access or difficulty accessing other heat sources such as groundwater or geothermal heat collectors.
The Free And Forced Convection offers basic experiments for targeted teaching on the topic of free and forced convection on various heating elements.
Material-bound heat transport takes place. During convection the fluid is in motion. Convection is one of the three basic forms of heat transfer.
Features:
Free and forced convection using the example of various heating elements.
In radiation the heat transfer takes place via electromagnetic waves. Unlike heat conduction and convection, heat radiation can also propagate in a vacuum. Heat radiation is one of the three basic forms of heat transfer. Heat radiation is not bound to a material.
Features:
Effect of different surfaces on heat transfer by radiation.
Heat conduction is one of the three basic forms of heat transfer. Basic experiments for targeted teaching on the topic of heat conduction in fluids. Such teaching should discuss the fundamental differences between gases and liquids. According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is always transferred from the higher energy level to the low energy level.
Features:
Effect of different fluids on heat conduction.
Heat Conduction And Convection allows basic experiments on both forms of heat transfer: heat conduction and convection. Heat conduction and convection are among the three basic forms of heat transfer and often occur together.
Features:
Effect of heat conduction and convection on heat transfer.
This tabletop learning system showcases a full range of components, such as a fire syringe, a vacuum hand pump, bi-metallic ball and ring, and many more on a vertical panel for easy access and inventory. Thermal Science Learning System provides learners with the knowledge and equipment needed to comprehend the principles of modern thermal systems, such as HVAC, geothermal, refrigeration, and steam systems. These components are used in various combinations to conduct experiments that show learners physical examples of thermal concepts and build foundational knowledge that they can use in real-world applications. As learners progress through the curriculum, they will perform experiments demonstrating principles such as the ideal gas law, linear and volumetric thermal expansion, basic temperature measurement, latent and sensible heat, specific heat capacity, conduction, convention, radiation, evaporative cooling, and basic refrigeration.
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Designed as a teaching system, this learning system showcases components, often not visible in actual installations, on a vertical panel that permits easy access for hands-on skills and observation. Geothermal Energy Training System builds knowledge as well as skills across a broad spectrum, ranging from system startup and operation to shut down and maintenance, in a readily accessible, compact vertical trainer. Geothermal Energy Training System enables learners to understand and apply their newly obtained technician skills in the ever-growing area of geothermal energy. Harnessing geothermal energy is rapidly increasing in importance as a tool in broadening the energy supply. Geothermal Learning System packs a residential-sized system into a 6-ft.long mobile system that easily fits through a standard door. Major components include a 2-stage compressor with a 2-ton heat pump, ground simulator, air duct with blower, ground source loop, and industrial grade geothermal controller. These components and many more come standard. Includes a ground simulator so that learners gain realistic experience using a continuously operational system like they will experience on an installed system.
Features:
Ground Simulator Allows Continuous Training
Industry Standard System Components and Features
Integrated Multimedia Curriculum.
The Geothermal Flush Cart Learning System, which includes a mobile cart and a pump system, will cover flush cart set-up and operation to teach how to flush, purge, charge, and pressurize the geothermal system. It also covers introducing an anti-freeze additive to prevent pipes from freezing. Geothermal Flush Cart Learning System teaches how to purge debris and air from the geothermal loop and then charge it with a glycol/water solution. The Geothermal Flush Cart Learning System also includes world-class, highly interactive multimedia that will help learners to gain insight into the theoretical aspects of how the flush cart works and then allows them to follow along with step-by-step explanations of hands-on skills. Proper procedures for filling and pressurizing the system must be followed to avoid aerating the fluid being used to charge the system or this entrained air will lower system performance. Dirt and plastic pipe shavings can become trapped in geothermal systems during construction and must be purged to avoid damaging the system during operation.
Features:
Learn how to purge debris from a geothermal system
Expands geothermal learning capability.
The Air Conditioning Heat Pump Learning System uses the principle of vapor compression and offers three different types of expansion methods, enabling students to explore a wide range of thermal application and system designs. The Air Conditioning Heat Pump Learning System is a working system with industrial components that can perform heat pump, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems operation. The Air Conditioning Heat Pump Learning System teaches three types of thermal systems: air conditioning, refrigeration, and heat pumps. These components are mounted on a mobile workstation and supported by instrumentation, microprocessor control, student learning materials for both theory and lab, and teachers guide. Students will learn industry-relevant skills including how to operate, install, analyze, and adjust these systems. Manual valves are provided throughout so students can create faults and change system performance. Extensive instrumentation is included. Components are arranged in a breadboard fashion on the workstation to make it easy for students to follow the system flow and understand its operation.
Features:
Heavy-duty components
Various instruments for monitoring system operation.
The Air Conditioning Heat Pump Troubleshooting Learning System utilizes, the industrys only electronic troubleshooting system, to provide a hands-on experience for identifying faults such as blockages, leakage, and refrigerant overcharging and undercharging. Air Conditioning Heat Pump Troubleshooting Learning System teaches valuable HVAC troubleshooting skills on a hands-on learning system that performs heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration operation. The Air Conditioning Heat Pump Troubleshooting Learning System consists of a mobile workstation, compressor, pressure control system, refrigeration circuit, instrumentation set, temperature control system, blower control system, and much more! Thermal systems play a key role in industrial, commercial and residential applications to provide heating and cooling of spaces and processes. This system is ideal for training HVAC technicians and installers. Learners will gain this technical knowledge by studying major topic areas like compressors, condensers, metering devices, evaporators, temperature and pressure control devices, and reversing valves. These components will provide hands-on experience for operating, adjusting, and troubleshooting air conditioning / heat pump systems in real-world, on-the-job applications.
Features:
Variable Conditions
Modern Temperature Control
Computer-Based Fault Insertion
Instrumentation Features
Optional Online eBooks.
The Geothermal Troubleshooting Learning System uses an exposed component layout so that learners can see each component's role in a geothermal system. Learners can easily observe, monitor, and test each component mounted and labeled on a vertical panel. Geothermal Troubleshooting Learning System is equipped with premier electronic fault insertion program for teaching troubleshooting skills. In addition to troubleshooting, the interactive multimedia curriculum and hands-on skills will teach startup, operation, shutdown, and maintenance of a geothermal system. Using, learners troubleshoot electrical, mechanical, and fluid-based faults to become effective real-world experts on residential and commercial geothermal systems. Also includes pressure and temperature gauges at key points to show the system's performance at a glance. Additionally, the system includes a custom designed, temperature-controlled ground simulator so the system can run continuously. Sight glasses installed in the Geothermal Troubleshooting Learning System allow the learner to see the refrigerant's changing state as it passes through the system.
Features:
Industry Standard System Components and Features
Ground Simulator Allows Continuous Training
Geothermal Troubleshooting with Desuperheater Learning System
Fault Pro: Electronic Fault Insertion Software.
A plate heat exchanger is used to simulate a radiator. Cold water is fed through the heat exchanger as a heating load. A viewing window allows observation of the gas flame in the burner. The Training Panel Function of Gas Heater is used to illustrate the functioning of a gas combination boiler. Built-in thermometers and flow meters allow the recording of measured values to determine the power and efficiency. The unit is operated with liquid gas (propane) and is therefore independent of any pre-installed natural gas lines. The main components of the gas boiler are clearly arranged on a panel to allow better understanding. A process schematic also illustrates the function.
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This valve sets the temperature of the boiler return flow and the feed flow. Cold water connections enable the heat generated to be dissipated. A pump circulates water through four radiators. The temperature of the radiators is set using thermostatic valves.The differential pressure across the pipe system is limited using a relief valve. Temperatures can be read on dial thermometers. A digital controller keeps the room temperature constant by driving the four-way mixing valve.
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The trainer includes a transparent tank with a pipe section connected as a drain. The initial pressure is kept constant by the overflow in the head tank. The pressure at six distributed measuring points on the pipe section can be measured on a multiple tube manometer. Terms such as the static pressure of a fluid at rest (hydrostatic pressure), static pressure of a flowing liquid or the pressure loss between two points can be demonstrated on this trainer.
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The losses of the most important fittings can be determined using seven differential pressure sensors. Control response and energy flux can be plotted using four temperature sensors, a flow rate sensor and an effective power sensor. The trainer contains a complete closed heating circuit with circulating pump, electrical heater, and convector for dissipating heat, various pipe sections, fittings and safety devices. The characteristics of a conventional circulating pump and a differential pressure controlled circulating pump can be compared.
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Demonstrates the electrical circuit of a complex full conditioning system with heat pump function. The control circuits are actually present. The components in the load circuits are simulated (e.g. compressor, heater, 4-way reversing valve). Identifying electrical faults in air conditioning systems requires comprehensive knowledge. This knowledge includes the design and operation of the individual electrical components as well as the reading of circuit diagrams. Helps to acquire this knowledge. At very low outer temperatures an electrical auxiliary heating is activated during heating operation. With low air humidity the hygrostat activates the humidifying function. The air conditioning system with heat pump function cools in the summer and heats in the winter. During heating operation the defrost timer introduces a hot gas defrosting by briefly switching the 4-way reversing valve. The operating state of the simulated components is indicated via lamps in the circuit diagram on the front panel. Typical protection devices, such as circuit breaker and frost protection monitor, complete the electrical circuit.
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The heat generated can be dissipated via cooling water connections, enabling continuous operation. The heat transferred can be calculated. Connections for an external heating circuit are provided on the rear of the boiler. An integrated hot water circuit with plate heat exchanger simulates the heating circuit in a house. This allows them to be expanded into a complete heating system using training panels. Different operating points can be investigated by changing the oil pressure after the preset boiler water temperature has been reached.
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The expansion valves can be selected via valves. Via an evaporator with glass tubes the correct injection and evaporation of the refrigerant can be monitored. An additional electrically heated superheater at the output of the evaporator enables the investigation of the control behaviour with different refrigerant superheating. In the refrigeration circuit the expansion valves, also called primary controllers, also play an important role. The correct selection and adjustment decisively affects the capacity of the overall refrigeration system. The trainer enables the investigation of four different expansion valves: TEV (Thermostatic Expansion Valve) with internal pressure compensation, TEV with external pressure compensation, TEV with MOP function (Maximum Operating Pressure) and AEV (Automatic Expansion Valve). The control behaviour can be monitored at a flow meter. Pressure and temperature sensors upstream and downstream of the expansion valve and at the evaporator outlet provide information about the state of the refrigerant and the degree of superheating. The locations of the temperature sensor at the evaporator output can be selected.
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The trainer is supplied from the water mains. The flow rate is adjusted using valves and measured using a rotameter. Four different pipe sections are fitted to a panel. Each section can be individually selected using ball valves. The measuring points are 1m apart. The pressure drop over a pipe section is measured using a digital, battery-operated differential manometer. To keep measuring inaccuracies as low as possible, the pressure is measured using annular chambers.
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The water flows through a pipe with a valve and flow meter before passing through the measured sections. The section under test is connected with a hose. It is possible to measure the pressure loss and to investigate the effects of material, surface roughness and flow rate. Four measured sections are fitted to the panel, each comprising ten elbows and bends in different layouts. The overall length of each section is the same.
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The intensity of thermal and visible radiation can be adjusted. Colour filters and apertures extend the range of experiments. The measured values are displayed digitally on the measuring unit. The experimental unit contains a blackbody emitter with a thermopile for the investigation of thermal radiation, a light source with luxmeter for illuminance measurements, and absorption plates with thermocouples for the investigation of Kirchhoff's laws. The data acquisition software is included. At the same time, the measured values can also be transmitted directly to a PC via USB.
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A Dewar vessel prevents the exchange of heat with the surrounding environment. The specimens are equipped with several temperature measuring points. The fundamental laws of steady-state thermal conduction in solid bodies can be investigated with this experimental unit. The heat transfer rate is determined via the current and voltage of the heater. The specimens are arranged between an electrical heater and a water-cooled plate.
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The heat transfer between the pipe wall and medium can be studied. Baffles guide the air through the pipe bundle in a cross-flow. The air duct with the pipe bundle heat exchanger is fitted to and heated electrically. The power and surface temperature at the heater are measured and displayed on the base unit. The number of deflections can be varied by removing and adding baffles.
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The medium for the experiment is fed through a gap. The gap between the two elements was selected so that the transfer of heat due to convection can be ignored. It comprises a cylindrical heat exchanger with a heated inner cylinder made of aluminium and a water-cooled jacket. Due to the low temperatures and the polished surfaces, the radiation portion of the heat transfer is also negligible. This experimental unit enables experiments to be performed on steady-state thermal conduction in liquid and gaseous materials. Temperature sensors measure the temperature difference.
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The electrical heat source is controlled electronically. The heat sink is water-cooled. The temperatures of the heat source, cooling water and specimen are indicated. An interchangeable cylindrical specimen is fitted between a heat source and a heat sink. The specimen is prefitted with twelve thermocouples distributed along its length. This unit is used to investigate steady-state and non-steady-state heat conduction processes. There are also displays for heating capacity and cooling water flow rate. In addition, it is possible to transfer the measured data to a computer via USB and display the data on the computer. The software is included. The thermal conductivity can be calculated using the measured data.
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The thermal conductivity can be calculated from the temperature difference between the hot and cold end and the heating capacity. The housing contains the vacuum pump and the digital displays. The measured values can be read on digital displays. In this experimental unit, a metal test bar is clamped between a heater and a Peltier element as the cooler. In this way errors due to convection can be ignored and all the heat must flow through the test bar. The complete arrangement is under an evacuated bell jar. At the same time, the measured values can also be transmitted directly to a PC via USB. The data acquisition software is included.
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The electrical components for the start and operation of a refrigerant compressor are clearly visibly arranged in a transparent showcase and already wired. The capacitor and start-up relay required for the motor are examined. Identifying electrical faults in refrigeration systems requires comprehensive knowledge this knowledge includes the design and operation of the individual electrical components as well as the reading of circuit diagrams. It helps to acquire this knowledge. The simulation of 15 different faults, e.g. coil fracture in the motor, short circuit in the operating capacitor or welded contacts in the start-up relay, is possible. Typical protection devices, such as circuit breaker and automatic fuse, are also arranged clearly visible.
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The trainer enables the measurement of air humidity with four different instruments which can be directly compared to each other: two different hygrometers, a capacitive hygrometer and a psychrometer. There are different measuring methods to determine humidity. Psychrometers operate based on the principle of evaporation cooling and compare the ambient temperature with the wet bulb temperature to determine the humidity. The measurement of the air humidity plays an important role in many branches of industry, e.g. during drying or in the air conditioning of buildings and vehicles. Hygrometers utilise the property of specific fibres, e.g. hair, to expand with increasing air humidity. The core element of the trainer is a climatic chamber with transparent door. In the capacitive sensor the dielectricity constant of a layer and with it its capacity changes due to the water molecules absorbed. This chamber can be humidified and dehumidified and contains the four instruments.
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Using Photovoltaics: Grid-Connected Or Stand-Alone
Operation With Photovoltaic Simulator Or Actual Photovoltaic Modules
Grid-Connected Or Stand-Alone Operation
Inverter With Mpp Tracker For Grid-Connected Operation
Solar Battery And Lamp For Stand-Alone Operation
Commercially available combiner box .
Trainer With Electrical Components From Practical Usage Of Photovoltaics
Inverter And Charge Controller For Stand-Alone Operation.
Electronic controller with temperature sensor and setting of the reference variable
Quick-release couplings for connection to hot water supply and ventilation system
Temperature control of a ventilation system
3-way mixing valve dn 20
3 thermometers and 1 temperature sensor with display
Circulating pump.
Simulation model of a forced air gas burner and all burner operating states
Important electrical monitoring points on burner accessible via lab jacks and measuring bridge connectors for fault analysis
Fault simulation: 9 fault switches in lockable box
Additional actual system components: flame safeguard, gas pressure and air pressure control devices, ignition transformer, thermostat, safety temperature limiter, gas solenoid valves, fan motor, emergency switch heating system.
Demonstration of the function of safety fittings in a closed water circuit with circulating pump and expansion vessel: air separator, quick-action ventilating valve, safety valve, flow switch, pressure reducing valve
Investigation of heating safety fittings
Electrical heater for thermal safety fittings: temperature controller, thermal discharge safety device
Demonstration of the function of safety fittings using compressed air: thermostatic valve, safety Pressure cut-out, safety valve, temperature controller, thermal discharge safety device.
Function of a boiler
Domestic water heater with circulating pump
Transparent oil tank with filling and bleed connections
Boiler casing equipped with 1 viewing window made of special glass
Digital display for oil admission pressure transmitter, sensors for temperature and flow rate
Fuel oil burner, natural gas burner and propane gas burner available as accessories.
Simulation of the operation of a gas burner
Indication of burner operation using a flickering light
Monitoring of burner operation using flame safeguard
Hazard-free operation of the burner with air
Display of the most important operating pressures on single tube manometers
Diaphragm pump for pressure generation, pumping medium: air.
Oil tank according to double-walled
Oil tank, complete with all necessary filling, outlet and safety devices
Liquid leak detection system, vacuum leak detection system
Single-strand oil filter, double-strand oil filter
Device for overfill protection
Combination fitting
Dip stick tube with dip stick and seal
Tank ventilation
Pneumatic level gauge
Filler pipe with seal.
PLC simulation of safety functions
Simulation of 12 faults
Safe operation of heater using air
Simulation of an instantaneous gas heater
Diaphragm pump for pressure generation.
Exercises on gas pipes
1 gas meter with 1 connection
1 gas meter with 2 connections
2 individually selectable pipe sections
1 pipe section as supply pipe with gas socket and gas connection with ball valve
1 pipe section for finding leaks.
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
4 bimetallic dial thermometers
2 water connections for boiler dn 15
2 heating water connections dn 15
3-way mixing valve dn 20
Circulating pump
1 differential pressure overflow valve
4 rotameters
Water connections made using quick-release couplings.
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
2 water connections for boiler DN 15
2 cooling water connections DN 15
4 radiators with thermostatic valve, air bleed and adjustable lock shield valve
Water connections made using quick-release couplings
5 rota meters.
Solar circulation station with pump, expansion vessel and safety valve
Hot water circuit with buffer tank, pump and plate heat exchanger
Four bimetallic thermometers
Trainer for investigating the function and operating be haviour of a flat collector
Solar thermal flat collector with selectively absorbing coating
Adjustable collector tilt angle
Data logger with use interface
Operation with solar radiation
Solar controller with temperature, flow and illuminance sensors.
Ball valve in connecting pipe between measuring tank and expansion vessel
Pressure controller for air with overpressure protection
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
Small compressor for pressure generation
Adjustable safety valve
Measuring tank with scale
Expansion vessel
Manometer
Cutaway model of an expansion vessel.
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
4 rotameters
4 bimetallic dial thermometers
2 water connections for boiler DN 15
4-way mixing valve DN 20
1 differential pressure overflow valve
Circulating pump
2 heating water connections DN 15
Water connections made using quick-release couplings.
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
Water connections made using quick-release couplings
3-way mixing valve dn 20
2 heating water connections dn 15
Circulating pump
2 water connections for boiler dn 15
4 rotameters
4 bimetallic dial thermometers
1 differential pressure overflow valve
Digital display of the temperatures measured using sensors
Flow rate measurement with rotameter
4 different measuring sections, can be selected individually with ball valves
Water connections made using quick-release couplings
Investigation of 4 different temperature measuring techniques in the range from 0...60°C.
Heating circuit (b) with forced convector with fan, 2 radiators and circulating pump
Heating circuit (a) with floor heating, circulating pump, heating controller, and 3-way mixing valve
Measurement of flow rate and pressure
8 measuring points for differential pressure and
Hot water connections with quick-release couplings
Together with hot water generator: setup of a complete domestic heating system with 2 independent heating circuits
1 radiator with thermostatic valve and 1 radiator with 1-pipe radiator valve
Room temperature controller for fan of forced convector.
Operation with hot and cold water supplies
Adjustment of the water temperature using mixing battery with thermocouple
Investigating the thermal expansion of different pipe sections
Water connections made using quick-release couplings
Force measuring device to determine the expansion force
Temperature measurement using battery-operated digital thermometer
Pipe sections can be selected by ball valves.
Usage of original plumbing components
Pipe flushing in accordance
Transparent pipe fittings enable optimal observation of the flushing process
Cold water connection using hose
Alternative accessories: flushing compressor (not included)
Contaminants can be introduced into the pipe system via filling openings that can be shut off.
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
Threaded heater element with switch cabinet
Pressure vessel
1 system of safety devices with pressure reducing valve, shut-off valve, test connections and non-return valve, manometer connection and safety valve
2 spring tube manometers
Thermal discharge safety device
1 bimetallic dial thermometer
2 blow-off lines, 1 filler pipe, 1 drain.
Devices to prevent the return of contaminated water into the drinking water pipe
Simulation of 3 floors and a cellar of a house
Pipe system made of transparent material
6 outlet valves with hose connections
2 risers with vent
Pipe separator, backflow preventer and riser vent as safety devices
Possible simulations: pipe fracture, pressure drop
3 transparent water tanks
Water meter in feed pipe
Expansion vessel, safety group according to overflow valve
5 rotameters
1 surface thermometer for temperature measurement at radiator inlets and outlets
Trainer for heating and plumbing
Water connections using quick-release couplings, diameter inside 13mm, for optional connection to an external heating circuit
6 radiators with thermostatic valve, bleed valve and adjustable lock shield valve.
Threaded heater element with switch cabinet
2 spring tube manometers
1 bimetallic dial thermometer
Trainer on heating systems and plumbing
Pressure vessel
2 blow-off lines, 1 filler pipe, 1 drain
Thermal discharge safety device
1 system of safety devices with pressure reducing valve, shut-off valve, test connections and non-return valve, manometer connection and safety valve.
Boiler with oil burner, boiler safety group, low water-level switch and circulating pump in feed flow
2 temperature sensors and 1 differential pressure manometer for measurement of temperature and pressure at different measuring points
Hot water generation for room heating
3 dial-gauge thermometers
Hot water connections with quick-release couplings
Oil tank with pump and safety fittings.
Electric boiler
2 circulating pumps, 1 domestic water pump
4 different radiators and additional plate heat exchanger as domestic water consumer
Function and operating behaviour of a modern heating system with digital heating controller
Measurement of temperature, pressure and flow rate
4-way mixing valve and 3-way mixing valve
Coloured pipes indicate feed and return flow.
Heating and cooling circuit equipped with expansion vessel, pump, boiler safety group, thermometers, water meter, heat exchanger
Transparent oil tank with filling and bleed connections
Functional heating boiler with oil burner
Boiler with control unit
Dissipation of generated heat via plate heat exchanger and cold water connection
Boiler casing equipped with a viewing window made of special glass.
Hot water circuit with system of safety devices, pressure vessel with heater, pressure reducing valve, non-return valve, circulating pump with timer, outlets
Drain system on rear of panel, drain pipe dn 40 with high temperature stability
System divided into cold water side, hot water side, drain system
Cold water circuit with water meter, pressure reducing valve, angle-seat valve, system separator, outlets
Single handle mixer, two handle mixer, shower sprinkler, pipe vents
Familiarisation with the most important components in a drinking water installation.
Investigating the most common sanitation fittings
Possibility to test different fittings simultaneously
Facilities for hot and cold water supply using quick-release couplings
Flushing valve
2 Bourdon tube manometers
2 rotameters
Two handle mixer as water tap
Two handle mixer for a shower
2 adjustable pressure reducing valves
3 dial thermometers.
Operation and programming of a DDC for heating and air conditioning systems
Process schematic of the simulated heating system with 2 boilers, 2 heating lines and water heating
Experimental unit from the practical series for the training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
Process schematics with bargraph displays and lamps for operating states of the actuators
16 potentiometers in the process schematics to adjust simulated temperatures
Process schematic of the simulated air conditioning system with selectable outer air and recirculating operation
Programmable DDC with selection and display of the operating states and error simulation
Process schematics on the front panel.
Model of a simple air conditioning system to plug onto the base unit
Training system with HSI technology
Radial fan with throttle valve
Thermostatic expansion valve as expansion element
Air duct with transparent front
Evaporator as air cooler
Thermostatic expansion valve as expansion element
Sensors to record temperature and differential pressure for determining the volumetric air flow rate
Radial fan with throttle valve
Operation of individual components and of the system and fault simulation via software.
Manometer for intake and high pressure with temperature scale for refrigerant R134a
High pressure and intake pressure connections
4-valve assembly aid
Pulsation-damped manometer for intake pressure, high pressure; vacuum meter
Portable Equipment
Vacuum pump and filling balance
Design and investigation of circuits with electrical components from refrigeration
Electrical components mounted clearly visible and connected on terminal blocks
Experimental unit from the practical series for the training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
3 pressure switches, 2 thermostats, 1 solenoid valve, 1 timer, 4 circuit breakers, 5 contactors, 3 relays, 2 capacitors
1 set of cables with wire end ferrules for wiring electrical components on terminal blocks
5 lamps to simulate consumers
Electrical simulation of compressor and fan
Identification of 15 faults: multimeter measures voltages or resistances at the lab jacks
Temperature control with thermostat and compressor
Fan with 2 adjustable speeds
Operating states of the simulated components indicated via lamps in the circuit diagram
Experimental unit from the practical series for the training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
Simulation of the electrical circuit of a simple air conditioning system for cooling
Real control circuits with electrical components, simulated load circuits
Circuit diagram depicted on the front panel.
Determination of the volumetric air flow rate by differential pressure measurement using an inclined tube manometer
Combined sensors for the air humidity and temperature before and after each stage
Effect of typical air conditioning system components on the conditioning of room air
All components can be switched on and off individually
Sensor for the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant
Software with representation in the log p-h and h-x diagram
Air conditioning system with open air duct
Air conditioning system with air cooler, steam humidifier, fan, air preheaters and reheaters.
Digital displays for air temperature, air humidity, air velocity, temperature of the cold water, power
Air conditioning system with chamber for conditioning and air technology investigations
Industrial components: fans, air-cooled water chiller, air cooler, air heater, steam humidifier
Chamber suitable for test persons to be inside
Plc air conditioning controller, manual and automatic operation.
Main unit with air duct, fan, air conditioning system
Air conditioning system with direct evaporator as air cooler, electric air heater, humidification
Practice-oriented air conditioning and ventilation system with 3 independent system components: main unit, condensing unit, steam generator
Air duct from hot galvanised sheet with sight window and pressure measurement connections to record pressure curves
Manual or automatic operation via plc air conditioning controller
Hoses connect direct evaporator to condensing unit, humidification to steam humidifier
Standard connection piece to connect to external ventilation system
Air duct with filter, multi-leaf damper, ceiling vent, protective grating, ventilation grille, fire protection flap, inspection flap, sound insulation link, smoke detector.
Electrical components for the start and operation of the compressor mounted clearly visible
Lab jacks and cables to connect the electrical components
Experimental unit from the practical series for the training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
Circuit diagram on the front panel for easy identification of the components
Refrigerant circuit with compressor, receiver, 2 valves and 2 manometers to investigate pressure switches on the delivery and intake sides
Operation of a thermostat
Correct electrical connection of a refrigerant compressor.
Refrigeration circuit with compressor, evaporator with fan, thermostatic expansion valve and coaxial coil heat exchanger as condenser
Record of all relevant measured values and display directly at the location of measurement
Hot water circuit with pump, tank and condenser as heater
Additional cooling via pipe coil in the hot water tank and external cooling water
Investigation of a heat pump with a water circuit as load.
Electric motor with variable speed as compressor drive
Condenser with fan
Evaporator as air cooler with three-stage fan
Investigation of a typical vehicle air conditioning system for cooling the vehicle interior
Compressor drive via v-belt and magnetic coupling
Display of temperatures, pressures (refrigerant), flow rate (refrigerant), pick-up current, speed
Air conditioning system voltage supply: 12VDC
Simulation of 8 faults via buttons in the connectable box
System is switched on via ignition lock
Compression refrigeration system with compressor, condenser, filter/drier, expansion valve and evaporator
Chamber with wet (latent) and dry (sensitive) heat source as cooling load
Motorised flaps for recirculating and outer air operation
Air duct with fan, air cooler, humidifier, flaps, air heater and sensors
Process schematic with signal lamps
Air conditioning system ready for different automation solutions: 4 data cable connections to integrate the accessories
Model of an air conditioning system with outer air and recirculating operation
Air duct with transparent front
Electric motor with variable speed as compressor drive
Condenser with fan
Evaporator as air cooler with three-stage fan
Compression refrigeration system with compressor, condenser, filter/drier, expansion valve and evaporator
Compressor drive via v-belt and magnetic coupling
Simulation of 8 faults via buttons in the connectable box
Investigation of a typical vehicle air conditioning system for cooling the vehicle interior
System is switched on via ignition lock
Air conditioning system voltage supply: 12VDC
Display of temperatures, pressures (refrigerant), flow rate (refrigerant), pick-up current, speed.
Model of an air conditioning system with outer air and recirculating operation
Motorised flaps for recirculating and outer air operation
Process schematic with signal lamps
Air conditioning system ready for different automation solutions: 4 data cable connections to integrate the accessories
Air duct with fan, air cooler, humidifier, flaps, air heater and sensors
Chamber with wet (latent) and dry (sensitive) heat source as cooling load
Air duct with transparent front
training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
Electrical simulation of compressor and fan
Temperature control with thermostat and compressor
Simulation of the electrical circuit of a simple air conditioning system for cooling
Identification of 15 faults: multimeter measures voltages or resistances at the lab jacks
Real control circuits with electrical components, simulated load circuits
Operating states of the simulated components indicated via lamps in the circuit diagram
Fan with 2 adjustable speeds
Circuit diagram depicted on the front panel.
Digital multimeter for direct and alternating current, battery operated
Commercial tools for the assembly and servicing of refrigeration systems
Battery operated leak detection device suitable for refrigerant R134a
Cutaway models of refrigeration components
Filter/drier, L=127mm, d=52mm, 0,27kg
Ceiling fan air cooler, 440x430x130mm, 8,6kg
Thermostatic expansion valve, 79x32x65mm
Extension with components from advanced experiments in refrigeration systems
Condensing unit, consisting of hermetic compressor, condenser, receiver, pressure switches and shut-off valves
Refrigeration chamber, condensing unit and power supply equipped with shock-proof lab jacks
Base unit for the refrigeration training system
Extension with components from basic experiments using simple refrigeration circuits
Insulated refrigeration chamber with integrated evaporator, electric defrost heater and condensate drip tray.
Complete refrigeration circuit with open compressor, air-cooled condenser, receiver and air cooling evaporator
Replaceable components: compressor, filter/drier, pressure switch and solenoid valve
Trainer from the practical series for the training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
Recommended accessories evacuation equipment.
Service exercises in refrigeration systems
Overall arrangement on robust workbench.
Fundamentals:
Evaporator And Condenser Each Available As Air/Refrigerant Heat Exchanger (Finned Tube Heat Exchanger) And As Water/Refrigerant Heat Exchanger (With Pipe Coil)
Setup Of Simple Refrigeration Circuits With Different Components
Light-Weight Aluminium Frame To Arrange 6 Modules
Modules Fitted With Manual Valves
8 Self-Contained Operational Modules Mounted On A Plate Each
Components connected via hoses.
Refrigeration circuit with compressor, condenser, capacity controller, start-up controller, combined pressure switch and 2 evaporators in insulated chambers
Refrigeration chamber with evaporation pressure controller
Freezing chamber with electric defrost heater and hot gas defrosting
Separate or parallel operation of the chambers via solenoid valves
Simulation of 12 faults
Each chamber with solenoid valve, thermostat, thermostatic expansion valve, fan and heat exchanger for refrigerant supercooling
Investigation of a refrigeration system with refrigeration and freezing chambers
Touch panel pc for fault activation, data acquisition, evaluation and representation in the
Refrigerant R404a
Log p-h diagram
Protective grating and adjustable multi-leaf damper at the air inlet
Filter for air purification
Heat exchanger to heat/cool the air
Operation of a ventilation system
All components from ventilation technology, some with sight windows
Fire protection flap prevents the cross-over of fire and smoke in the air duct
Air duct with pressure measurement connections
Belt-driven radial fan
2 sound insulation links
Inspection cover for inspection purposes
Pressure measurements with inclined tube manometer
Current measurement to determine the power consumption of the fan
Various air outlets for air distribution in the room: disc valve, ceiling vent and ventilation grill with adjustable flow rate
Determine the flow rate via differential pressure.
Model of a refrigerator to plug onto the base unit
Electric heater to generate the cooling load
Expansion elements selectable via solenoid valves: expansion valve or capillary tube
Training system with hsi technology
Chamber with transparent front
Sensors to record temperature and pressure
Refrigeration chamber with evaporator, fan and cooling load
Operation of solenoid valves, fan, heater and fault simulation via software.
Components for the setup of simple refrigeration circuits in conjunction
Pressure-controlled expansion valve
Thermostatic expansion valve
2 thermostats with different temperature ranges
Heat exchanger as super heater
3-pin circuit breaker
Sight glass with humidity indicator
Components mounted on plates ready to connect
Abrasion-proof symbols and labels on plates
Assembly aid: 4-port directional valve with sight glass.
Heat Exchanger For Refrigerant Super cooling Can Be Added Via Valves
Glycol-Water Circuit Includes Pump And Tank With Heater Serving As Cooling Load At The Evaporator
Refrigeration System In Multi compressor Operation To Investigate Energy Efficiency
Multi compressor Controller For The Parallel Operation Of The Compressors
Refrigeration Circuit With 3 Compressors Connected In Parallel, Condenser, Thermostatic Expansion Valve And Coaxial Coil Heat Exchanger As Evaporator
Separation Of Oil From The Refrigerant On The Delivery Side And Return To Fan At the condenser with adjustable speed
The Intake Side Of The Compressors.
Thermodynamic Investigation Of A Refrigeration Circuit
Compressor Drive With Speed-Controlled Motor Via V-Belt
Motor On Pendulum Bearing For Torque Measurement
Refrigeration Circuit With Open Compressor, Water-Cooled Condenser, Displays for temperature, pressure, flow rate, speed, torque and power at the equipment
Thermostatic Expansion Valve And Indirectly Heated Evaporator
Water-Cooled Coaxial Coil Heat Exchanger As Condenser
Tube Evaporator With Hot Water Circuit As Cooling Load.
Heat exchanger for refrigerant super cooling
Individual or parallel operation of the chambers via solenoid valves
Simulation of 18 faults
Investigation of a refrigeration system with refrigeration and freezing chambers
Insulated freezing chamber with fan and electric defrost heater
Refrigeration circuit with compressor, condenser and 2 evaporators with thermostatic expansion valve and evaporation pressure controller
Insulated refrigeration chamber with evaporation pressure controller.
Open Compressor
Condenser with fan transfer area: 2,5m
Capacity: approx. 1935W at 25C air temperature (ambient) / t=15C
Refrigeration capacity: approx. 845w (at speed: 975min-1 and -10/40c)
Speed: 500...1000min-1
Combinations of different media: water / refrigerant, refrigerant / refrigerant, air / refrigerant
Water circuit with tank and pump to cool the condenser and heat the evaporator
Flow meter and thermometer in the water circuit to determine the exchanged energy fluxes
Refrigeration system with 4 different heat exchangers: coaxial coil heat exchanger, finned tube heat exchanger, tubular heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger
Superheater can be disabled via bypass
Thermometers at all relevant points of the system.
Electrical assembly in accordance with the circuit diagram
Easy pipe working of the refrigeration circuit using bolted pipe joints
Workbench with drawers to store the components
Assembly project for the training of mechatronics engineers for refrigeration
Temperature control via thermostat
Air-cooled condensing unit with compressor
Setup of a refrigeration system with refrigeration chamber from a complete set of components
Assembly panel to mount the refrigeration and electrical components
Refrigeration chamber with integrated show case evaporator and fan
Refrigeration chamber with large sight window.
Evaporator selectable via solenoid valves
Adjustable electric heater in the refrigeration chambers as cooling load
Pressure measurement at all relevant points in the system
2 refrigeration chambers: refrigeration and freezing stage
Water-cooled coaxial condenser.
Refrigeration circuit with compressor, condenser and 2 evaporators in insulated refrigeration chambers
Methods for capacity control in refrigeration systems
Compressor with variable speed via frequency converter
Capacity controller in the compressor by pass
Each refrigeration chamber with adjustable heater to generate a cooling load, thermostatic expansion valve and fan
1 refrigeration chamber with thermostat, solenoid valve and evaporation pressure controller for temperature control
1 refrigeration chamber with refrigeration controller for temperature control; solenoid valve, fan and defrost heater as actuators
Heater with controller to adjust the tank temperature
Record of all relevant measured values and display directly at the location of measurement
Investigation of a refrigeration circuit with water circuit as load
Water circuit with pump, tank with heater as cooling load at the evaporator
Refrigeration circuit with compressor, condenser with fan, thermostatic expansion valve and coaxial coil heat exchanger as evaporator.
Electrical power freely adjustable via potentiometer
Flow meter measurement of the water flows via rotameters
Digital displays for temperature, current and voltage
Functional model of a Peltier refrigeration system
Water-cooled Peltier element
Shared water circuit for heating and cooling with tank, pump and flow meters
Experimental unit with clear design of all components at the front.
Demonstration of diesel and petrol processes on an engine with variable compression
Creation of different compression ratios using a height adjustable cylinder
Water-cooled single-cylinder experimental engine for setting up an engine test stand in conjunction .
Engine mounted on base plate
Force transmission to brake unit using claw coupling
Adjustable ignition point
Petrol mode with carburettor
Engine completely equipped with fuel lines and temperature sensors for exhaust gas and cooling water
Diesel mode with direct injection
Fuel hoses with self-sealing quick-release coupling.
Typical compression refrigeration system with piston compressor, thermostatic expansion valve, evaporator and condenser (each in the shape of a pipe coil)
Sight glass to monitor the aggregate state of the refrigerant
Fundamentals of refrigeration in a simplified model
2 water-filled tanks with thermometer to demonstrate the cooling and heating effect
Pressure switch to protect the compressor
2 manometers with temperature scale for the refrigerant show the values of the refrigerant on the high and low pressure sides.
Transparent finned tube heat exchangers as condenser and evaporator to observe the phase transitions of the refrigerant
Investigation of a refrigeration system with different expansion elements
Refrigeration circuit consisting of a hermetic compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion element
Receiver for underfilling/overfilling the system with refrigerant
Sensors record pressure and temperature
Expansion valve and capillary tubes of different lengths as expansion elements
Compressor equipped with two pressure switches.
Main System Components: Evaporator, Absorber, Boiler With Bubble Pump, Condenser
Digital displays for temperature and power
Operation Of An Absorption Refrigeration System
Adjustable Electrical Heater At The Evaporator Serves As Cooling Load
Boiler Is Alternatively Heated By Electrical Heater Or Gas Burner
Ammonia-Water Solution As Working Medium, Hydrogen As Auxiliary Gas
Bubble Pump For Transportation In The Circuit
Piezoelectric Igniter For Gas Operation
Boiler To Separate Ammonia.
Water-cooled four-cylinder petrol engine for setup of a test stand in conjunction with the load unit
Transfer of measured data via data cable from switch cabinet to CT 400 switch cabinet
Switch cabinet with warning lamps (oil pressure, alternator failure), operating time counter and ignition key
Force transmission to brake via rotationally elastic coupling and jointed shaft
Engine complete with fuel supply (tank, pump, hose) and cooling water circuit
Engine flexibly mounted on mobile frame with vibration-insulated base plate
Sensors for cooling water flow rate and temperatures (exhaust gas, cooling water, fuel, oil).
Engine complete with fuel hose and exhaust gas temperature sensor
Cooling water circuit with circulating pump, flow meter and temperature sensors
Water-cooled single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with swirl chamber for installation .
Force transmission to brake via elastic claw coupling
Fuel hose with self-sealing quick-release coupling
Engine mounted on base plate.
Air-cooled eddy current brake for applying load to the and engines
Force transmission from engine to brake via rotationally elastic coupling and jointed shaft
Load unit for prepared four-stroke diesel or petrol engines with a maximum power output of 75kw
Measurement and display of engine load, air temperature, intake air consumption, speed
Measured value displays for engine: temperatures (oil, exhaust gas, cooling water, fuel), oil pressure, fuel consumption (using precision scale)
Stabilisation tank for intake air approx. 220L
Recording of braking power via speed and braking torque
Potentiometer for continuous adjustment of brake
Potentiometer to "accelerate" engine.
Asynchronous motor with energy recovery unit as brake generates engine load
Engine started by asynchronous motor
Force transmission from engine to brake via elastic claw coupling
Vibration-insulated base plate for engine mounting
Measurement and display of torque, air temperature, air intake quantity, negative intake pressure, speed, fuel consumption, fuel temperature
Measured value displays for engine: exhaust gas temperature and cooling water temperatures
Stabilisation tank for intake air
Potentiometer for continuous adjustment of braking torque
Potentiometer for continuous adjustment of braking speed
Control and load unit for prepared single-cylinder engines (two-stroke and four-stroke) with a maximum power output of 7,5kw
Pressure vessel with valve for draining
Display at switch cabinet to indicate active power
Test unit for a small industrial compressor
1-cylinder compressor
Measuring amplifier with digital displays
Connection between engine and calorimeter using exhaust gas hose
Determination of the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas from test engines
Instrumentation: 4 temperature sensors, flow meter
Calorimeter consisting of finned pipe heat exchanger and insulated tank.
Laboratory-sized steam power plant
Synchronous generator with ppu synchronising device for grid connected or stand alone operation
Gas/oil-fired once-through steam boiler with electrical superheater
Single-stage industrial steam turbine with curtis wheel
Electronic speed control with electro-pneumatic control valve
Modern digital system control via a process control system
Control station with complete instrumentation on modern LCD monitors, touch screen operation
Water-cooled condenser with cooling water circuit and wet cooling tower
Feedwater treatment with ion exchanger and chemical dosing.
9 potentiometers for the setting of
Relative humidity: 0...100%
Coolant flow rate: 0...100kg/h at 15°c
Intake pressure: 0...2bar abs.
Intake temperature: 0...100°c
Flow control valve setting: 0...100%
Vessel, nominal pressure: 0...50bar
Dead space: 0...100%
Motor speed: 0...1000min-1
Vessel capacity: 0...1000l
Inputs and outputs
4x digital in/out
16x analogue in, 1x analogue out.
Axial Steam Turbine
Steam supply from steam generator
Sensors and digital indicator for speed, temperature, pressure and flow rate
Single-stage axial impulse turbine, mounted in corrosion-resistant, sealed ball bearings
Condenser with water-cooled coiled tube
Various safety devices for safe operation
Load on the turbine by eddy current brake.
2 thermocouples type K: Temperature measurement at the top of the rod-type heater and at the inner surface of the ring heater.
Mounted with quick-action fasteners.
Measurement instruments and controls
Operation with solar radiation or Artificial Light Source
Trainer for investigating the function and operating behaviour of an evacuated tube collector
Solar circulation station with pump, expansion tank and safety valve
Evacuated tube collector with selective coating
Adjustable collector tilt angle.
Heat sink or heat source for the modular system
Flow meters and temperature sensors for determining the heat flows
Tanks for hot or cold water
Three selectable pipe lengths for heat transfer
Connections for transmitting measurement data to an external controller.
Refrigeration circuit with compressor, condenser (heat exchanger with fan), 2 evaporators with fan (refrigeration and freezing stage)
Air-to-water heat pump for cooling or heating operation
Displays for temperature, pressure, flow rate and power consumption of the compressor.
Different operating modes selectable via solenoid valves
Glycol-water circuit with tank, pump and coaxial coil heat exchanger
1 thermostatic expansion valve each for all heat exchangers and evaporators
1 additional evaporation pressure controller and 1 capillary tube for the refrigeration stage evaporator
Coaxial coil heat exchanger and heat exchanger with fan can both be used as condenser or evaporator in the refrigeration circuit.
Inverter with mpp tracker for grid-connected operation
Inverter and charge controller for stand-alone operation
Trainer with electrical components from practical usage of photovoltaics
Grid-connected or stand-alone operation
Solar battery and lamp for stand-alone operation
Operation with photovoltaic simulator or actual photovoltaic modules
Commercially available combiner box.
Trainer for solar module measurements
Measuring unit with digital displays for current, voltage, illuminance and module temperature
Two pivoting solar modules on mobile frames
Two power resistors for expanding the measuring range
Reference cell as illuminance sensor
Series and parallel connection options
Slide resistor as variable load.
High-pressure reducing valve for hydrogen pressure vessel supplied
Oxygen supplies directly from the ambient air
Investigation of a polymer-membrane fuel cell
Hydrogen supplied via standard pressure vessel
Regulation of moisture without external humidification
Sensors for flow rate, pressure, temperature, voltage and current strength
Water cooled system in combined heat and power
Precise adjustment of all operating points via electronic load
Complete operation and evaluation via a PC.
Lighting unit with adjustable illuminance
Backing for solar cells with peltier module for regulating temperature
Trainer for solar cell measurements
Four monocrystalline silicon solar cells
Function for automated measuring of characteristic curves
Reference cell as illuminance sensor
Patch panel with bypass diodes and adjustable load resistance for selectable types of connection with individual cells.
Display and control unit indicates air temperature, heater temperature and heating power
2 heaters can be inserted in a bundle or alone
Air flow rate adjustable
Convective heat transfer
Exchangeable pipe bundle as heat exchanger
Pitot tube and pressure measurement station to determine air velocity.
One circulation pump and one safety module each with expansion vessel for heating and brine circuit
Heat pump for the module system
Sensors for temperature, flow rate and pressure with connection to the controller
Connections for various heat sources and sinks.
Fluidized bed of compressed air and aluminum oxide, particle sizes either 125µm or 300µm
Examination of the fluidized bed formation and the heat transfer in the fluidized bed.
Steel rulers for measuring the immersion depth of the heating element and the height of the fluidized bed
Safety valve, temperature switch at the heater, air filter at the outlet
Glass reactor with sintered-metal plate at the inlet and air filter at the outlet.
Glass reactor, backlit.
Manual setting of the air flow rate via valve and flow meter.
Heating element, submersible and with adjustable power output .
Instrumentation: temperature sensors at heater, air inlet, in fluidized bed, pressure measurement upstream of the reactor and in the reactor (manometer, pressure sensor), flow meter for measuring the air flow rate, power output of the heating element
Digital displays for temperatures, power output, pressure in the fluidized bed.
Cooling column made of transparent plastic
Wet deck surface made of plastic
Additional cooling column for the wet cooling tower
Connections to measure the pressure loss.
Trainer with buffer storage and bivalent storage for experiments with the modular system
Pressure relief and bleed valves for safe operation
Circulation pump with differential pressure or speed control
Heat transfer pipes with quick-release coupling and shut-off valve
Flow meters and temperature sensors for determining the heat flows
Freely programmable universal controller with data logger and PC connection via LAN
Driven 3-way valves
Two pressure sensors for system monitoring
Temperature sensors for heat storage and room temperature.
Circuit board with integrated measuring points for current and voltage
Electrical components for photovoltaic stand alone operation from practice
Inverter for use of ac consumers
Socket with energy meter
Combiner box with dc switch-disconnector and over voltage protection
Accumulator for storage of solar electricity
Charge regulator with integrated maximum power point tracking.
Electrical heater with thermostat
Closed hot water circuit including heater, tank and pump
Water flow and air flow rates adjustable
Electronic sensors with digital displays
Transfer characteristics of a water-to-air heat exchanger
Water-to-air heat exchanger as cooler for hot water
Determination of volumetric air flow rate via differential pressure at orifice plate flow meter.
Insulated air duct with flow straightener
Pressure sensor, combined temperature and humidity sensor
Switch cabinet with digital displays
Radial fan with adjustable flow rate
Air duct for the investigation of the heat transfer in air flows
Use of different heat exchangers in the air duct
Pitot tube with inclined tube manometer to measure velocity distribution and pressure loss.
All valves in the cold water circuit to select the operation mode parallel flow or counter flow
Trainer with a tubular heat exchanger
Temperature measurement with 6 sensors
Flow rate measurement
Closed hot water circuit, insulated with pump and heater with thermostat
Copper piping.
Heat Transfer In A Tubular Heat Exchanger
Temperature Controller Controls The Water Inlet Temperature For The Hot Water Circuit
7 Temperature Sensors With Digital Display And Selector For Temperature Measuring Points
Process schematic
Parallel Flow And Counter Flow Operation Adjustable
Flow Rates Adjustable Using Valves
Hot Water Circuit With Tank, Heater, Temperature Controller And Pump
Cold Water Circuit From Laboratory Supply.
