The trainer enables the measurement of air humidity with four different instruments which can be directly compared to each other: two different hygrometers, a capacitive hygrometer and a psychrometer. There are different measuring methods to determine humidity. Psychrometers operate based on the principle of evaporation cooling and compare the ambient temperature with the wet bulb temperature to determine the humidity. The measurement of the air humidity plays an important role in many branches of industry, e.g. during drying or in the air conditioning of buildings and vehicles. Hygrometers utilise the property of specific fibres, e.g. hair, to expand with increasing air humidity. The core element of the trainer is a climatic chamber with transparent door. In the capacitive sensor the dielectricity constant of a layer and with it its capacity changes due to the water molecules absorbed. This chamber can be humidified and dehumidified and contains the four instruments.
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Humidification via ultrasonic atomiser
Dehumidification via Peltier cooling element
Different measuring methods for measuring humidity
Climatic chamber with adjustable humidity and transparent door
Fan for air recirculation
2 electronic instruments: capacitive sensor, hygrometer with synthetic fibre and combined temperature sensor
2 mechanical instruments: psychrometer, hair hygrometer.
The flow measuring instruments are connected in series and all except the measuring tank are arranged on a water proof panel. The pressure drop is measured by deferential pressure using manometers. Pressure tapping is by valves with quick connection. Flow Measurement Test Set is a bench top self contained water circulating unit for studying the various flow measuring instruments including primary flow measuring devices. Flow rate is obtained from a water meter reading and a stop watch. Water tanks are behind the panel. Flow rate is varied by a flow control valve. Measurement of flow by a primary flow measuring devices is by coefficient of discharge which is determined from a pressure drop across the device and a flow rate.
Experiments:
Determination of coefficients of discharge for Venturi meter, orifice meter and Pitot tube and compare the flow rates with those from water meter, variable area flow meter and measuring tank.
Comparison of differential pressure at various flow rates for Venturi meter, orifice meter, Pitot tube, and variable area flow meter.
Digital display of the temperatures measured using sensors
Flow rate measurement with rotameter
4 different measuring sections, can be selected individually with ball valves
Water connections made using quick-release couplings
Investigation of 4 different temperature measuring techniques in the range from 0...60°C.
The Fluid Statics And Pressure Measurement equipment is designed for the study of static fluid and the measurement of pressures with different types of piezometric tubes and level measurement elements as graduated scales and level meter. One of these water columns has atilting system, so that students can clearly see the effect of the different possible inclinations. The tank and the in water columns have graduated scale for immediate and clear display of the water level that can be measured also by the water level supplied with this system. The equipment includes a transparent tank from where it is possible to pour water through valves and pipes and deliver it in the columns installed in the syst
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The bourdon gauge and pressure sensor are mounted on a manifold block with a separate reservoir to contain the hydraulic fluid water for safety and ease of use. Valves enable easy priming, restricted flow of water to demonstrate the application of damping and the connection of alternative devices for calibration.
A bench top unit designed to introduce students to pressure, pressure scales and common devices available to measure pressure.
The DPC consists of a precision ground piston and cylinder with a set of weights giving an operating range of 20 kNm-2 to 200 kNm-2.
The equipment utilises a dead weight pressure calibrator DPC to generate a number of predetermined pressures. This is connected to a Bourdon gauge and electronic pressure sensor to enable their characteristics, including accuracy and linearity, to be determined.
The temperature of the condensing water vapour in the hypsometer can be determined accurately using the software or tables in the manual, providing knowledge of the barometric pressure is known. The water level is simply raised to change the hypsometer into a variable temperature water bath.
A bench top unit designed to introduce students to temperature, temperature scales and commonly available devices to measure temperature.
Temperature sensors with different thermometric principles and characteristics are supplied. An accurate platinum resistance thermometer with five point calibration certificate and temperature indicated directly in deg C, is included for reference.
The equipment comprises a hypsometer/hot water bath and ice flask to generate accurate fixed points (the condensation point and triple point of water) and variable temperatures.
It is used for student to measure area of rectangle, and it is made of PVC material, with 100*100mm, 5mm transparent printing graticule line, and marked with number 1.2.3……9 on the edge.
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Trainer for solar module measurements
Measuring unit with digital displays for current, voltage, illuminance and module temperature
Two pivoting solar modules on mobile frames
Two power resistors for expanding the measuring range
Reference cell as illuminance sensor
Series and parallel connection options
Slide resistor as variable load.
Lighting unit with adjustable illuminance
Backing for solar cells with peltier module for regulating temperature
Trainer for solar cell measurements
Four monocrystalline silicon solar cells
Function for automated measuring of characteristic curves
Reference cell as illuminance sensor
Patch panel with bypass diodes and adjustable load resistance for selectable types of connection with individual cells.
Features:
Six individual errors can be selected byrotary switches in each circuit
For troubleshooting and voltage dropmeasurements 47 test sockets are available
Automotive relation with three typical,simple circuits for automotive lamps: conventional, with relay, with transistor
Colored printed circuits instandard-compliant display
Learning Objectives:
Use part voltage measurements in intact anddefective circuits as a diagnostic method
Measuring in the correct place in the harness
Creating and evaluating protocols forreference values and actual values
Get to know typical lamp circuits
Using the multimeter to measure voltage
Interpret measured voltages correctly andthus identify the main cause of an error.
Measurement of drag via two-component force sensor
Removable spacer plate allows two wake rake positions for measurement
Investigation of the wake of a cylinder immersed in a flow
Accessory for the wind tunnel
Display of the pressures on the 16 tube manometers
Cylinder as drag body
Wake rake with 15 Pitot tubes detects total pressures.
Different methods of flow rate measurement
Measurement of the total pressure with Pitot tube
6 tube manometers to determine the pressure distribution in Venturi nozzle, orifice plate flow meter and measuring nozzle
Measuring instruments: orifice plate flow meter/measuring nozzle, Venturi nozzle and rotameter.
Experiments in the fundamentals of temperature measurement with 7 typical measuring devices
Various heat sources or storage units: laboratory heater, immersion heater, vacuum flask
Psychrometer for humidity measurement
Tool box for sensors, cables, measuring strips and immersion heater
Mercury, bimetallic and gas pressure thermometers
Calibration units: precision resistors and digital multimeter
Various temperature measuring strips
Temperature sensors: PT100, thermocouple type K, thermistor.
One Bourdon tube pressure gauge each for positive and negative pressure
Basic experiments for measuring pressure with three different measuring instruments
Plastic syringe generates test pressures in the millibar range
U-tube and inclined tube manometer.
A unit for the detailed study of fluid friction head losses which occur when an incompressible fluid flows through pipes, fittings and flow metering devices.
A substantial floor standing tubular steel frame supports test circuits comprising:
4 smooth-bore pipes of different diameters ranging from 4.5mm I.D. to 17.2mm I.D.
artificially roughened pipe
90o bends (large & small radii)
90o elbow
90o mitre
45o elbow, 45 Y, 90 T
Sudden Contraction
Sudden Enlargement
Globe Valve
Perspex Orifice Meter
Perspex Venturi
Gate Valve
Ball Valve
Inline Strainer
38 Tapping Points
Perspex Pipe Section With A Pitot Tube & Static Tapping.
The Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus consists of a Venturi meter, variable area meter and orifice plate, installed in a series configuration to permit direct comparison. Pressure tappings are incorporated so that the head loss characteristics of each flow meter may be measured. Pressurisation of the manometers is facilitated by a hand pump. These tappings are connected to an eight tube manometer bank incorporating a manifold with air bleed valve. A flow control valve permits variation of the flow rate through the circuit.
The bench is used as the source of water supply and for calibrating volumetrically each flow meter. The circuit and manometer are attached to a support framework which stands on the working top of the Hydraulics Bench.
It is a necessary instrument for measuring sound velocity in physical acoustics; it adopts advanced electronic circuit and high precision timer and can measure the speed of sound in the air at close range.
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