Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Teaching Aid, Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Equipments, Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Tools, Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Tool Kits, Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Manufacturers, Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Suppliers from India, China, Kenya
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Liquid Mass Transfer and Diffusion Unit
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The Convective heat transfer In Air Flowand its accessories allow studying the convective heat transfer with different geometries of the transfer surface. Typical models such as the tubebundle, the heated tube from the outside and the heated cylinder from the inside are observed. Convective heat transfer is the transfer of heat between a surface and a fluid. Theprocesses of convective heat transfer are associated with the movements of the fluidthat is to say with convection. In the case of forced convection, thefluid is fed by a pump or fan onto the transfer surfaces, whereas in the caseof free convection, the flow occurs only under the effect of the density differential of the heated fluid. The air passes in front of the model, warms itself up and leaves by a ventilation shaft. In the air duct, aflow-friendly inlet member provides a homogeneous flow for conducting thetests. The volumetric flow rate is adjusted by a butterfly valve locatedat the fan outlet. An immersion heater, which can be placed anywhere in the tubebundle, simulates a heated tube. The convective heat transfer can thus be determined according to the position of the tube. Other models areavailable as accessories. It is also possible to show the chimney effect insidea ventilation shaft during free convection. The measuring section is an airduct with fan, in which the model of heat exchanger can be fixed easily and quickly using quick couplers. To make it possible to observe the tests, the air ductis equipped with two windows. The model included in the bundle heat exchanger delivery list includes two exchangeable tubular bundles of different geometries. The heating power and the volumetric flow can beadjusted. The heating power and the temperatures of the air and the heaterare displayed numerically. A pitot tube and a pressure measuring device make it possible to determine the speed distribution in front of and behind themodels.
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Fluidization and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit
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Laminar And Viscous Flow Heat Transfer Unit is allowed to take place between oil and water in a concentric tube. The oil is raised to a maximum temperature of 90°C in a tank fitted with an electric heating element. Control is by a panel mounted digital PID controller and the maximum temperature is limited by a separate thermostat for operator safety. Oil flowing in the inner tube is supplied by an international oil company and has a kinematic viscosity at 70°C, of 8x10-6 m2 s-1. As it flows downwards, the oil is cooled as heat is transferred to the flow of cooling water which surrounds the core tube. The heated oil is pumped from the tank into the core tube of the diagonally mounted concentric tube heat exchanger.
Experimental Capabilities:
Determination of surface heat transfer coefficients on both the oil and water sides and of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
Demonstration of a simple concentric tube heat exchanger with con-current and counter-current flow.
Simple energy balance for a heat exchanger.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer apparatus allows students to examine the theory and associated formulae related to forced convection in pipes. It is a frame holding a motor-driven fan, piping and instrumentation panel. A basic knowledge of forced convection heat transfer theory is valuable in many engineering fields, especially heat-exchanger design. It also has a large work surface for student convenience. The fan runs at a constant speed and draws air through a control valve. A larger manometer on the instrument panel measures the fan pressure drop. The u-shaped pipe connects to a smaller diameter insulated and electrically heated copper test pipe. The air then moves into a u-shaped pipe.An orifice plate in the pipe connects to a manometer on the instrumentation panel to measure the airflow rate. The test pipe discharges to atmosphere. Pressure tappings each end of the test pipe connect to amanometer on the instrument panel to measure test length pressure drop. Students control the power input to the test pipe heater using a variable transformer while noting the power using instrumentation on the panel. Further thermocouples measure temperature at various points within the test pipe insulation. Students use a digital indicator on the instrumentation panel to display thermocouple temperature readings. A thermometer measures the air temperature at the inlet to the test pipe.Thermocouples measure the temperature at various points along the test pipe wall.
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The Mass Transfer And Diffusion Coefficients Unit allows to study the gaseous end liquid diffusion phenomena. It is very simple to use and requires very little maintenance besides it is composed of two distinct apparatuses which can be separately supplied:
The bath temperature is measured by a bulb thermometer and regulated by a thermostat; it is possible to measure with accuracy the liquid level in the capillary tube by means of an eyepiece and a Vernier scale. Apparatus for the study of the gaseous diffusion coefficient: It is composed of a thermostatic bath where a Tee shaped capillary tube is placed containing the liquid to be tested.
A magnetic stirrer constantly mixes the glass content, whose conductivity can be measured by means of portable conductivity meter and recorded by means of a proper software. Apparatus for the study of the liquid diffusion coefficient: It is composed of a glass vessel containing distilled water; a diffusion cell is placed in the vessel; the test liquid is passed through the cell.
Shell & tube heat exchanger for studying the convective heat transfer between steam andwater in counter flow
Safety valvein the hot water tank for safe operation
Measurement of temperatures, pressures, flow rate and condensate volume
Steam volumecontrolled by thermostatic valve
Precise determination of the steam volume by measuring the condensate volume
Additionalmanual valve for the introduction of heating steam into the shell & tubeheat exchanger
Features:
Thermostatics team regulation
Convectiveheat transfer between steam and water
Water And Water Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer Unit heat exchanger may be connected to give either con-current or counter-current flow and the two additional pairs of intermediate stream temperatures allow classic heat exchanger temperature profiles to be plotted. The Water And Water Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer Unit includes all the necessary temperature and flow measurements and is suitable for both basic and advance studies. The metal and two fluid stream temperature are measured at inlet and outlet allowing the relationship Nu = k ReaPrb to be developed by evaluating k, a and b. The Water And Water Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer Unit enables students to study the detailed performance of concentric tube heat exchangers of the type most commonly used in industry. By varying the water velocity and temperature Reynolds Numbers of 4000 to 70000 and Prandtl Numbers of 2.5 to 5 can be achieved.
Experimental Capabilities:
Determination of surface heat transfer coefficient inside and outside the tube, and of the effect of fluid velocity.
Determination of heat transfer rate, logarithmic mean temperature difference, overall heat transfer coefficient and 4 point hot and cold stream temperature profiles.
Determination of the constants in Nu = k Rea Prb.
Comparison of performance in concurrent and in counter-current flow.
Investigation of the relationship between Nusselt (Nu), Reynolds (Re) and Prandtl (Pr) Numbers for Reynolds Numbers up to 65000 and for Prandtl Numbers between 2.5 and 5.0.
The Base Unit is the core of the range. It includes a hand-operated valve to help give a controllable water flow and a simple return pipe, both colour-coded. The water connections to the optional experiments are self-sealing quick connectors for safety and simplicity. The inlet and outlet fluid streams have different colours to reduce errors. It provides cold water and heater power to the optional experiments and all the instruments needed to measure their performance. The Base Units water system connects to a suitable cold water supply and drain. It also includes sockets for the thermocouples built into each optional experiment. Clear, multi line digital displays on the Base Unit show the temperatures and heater power of each experiment. Changing an experiment takes less than a minute. The Base Unit provides a variable and measured electrical current to the heater in each experiment and works with a safety switch to stop the heater from becoming too hot.
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A moveable pressure tapping and separate thermocouple allow the pressure and temperature within the bed at any depth to be measured. An adjustable cylindrical heater with surface thermo couple and power meter can be immersed at any level in, or out of the bed to allow measurement of the local heat transfer coefficient.
A glass cylindrical chamber with an air distribution plate at the bottom end allows the granular material supplied to be fluidized by a controlled and measured air flow.
The delivery is our responsibility! You can choose the following areas programs and we will provide a proposal FREE of charge.
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Intended use:
To transfer liquids in general clinical laboratory applications.
The active element consists of a non-metallic circular cylinder coated with an electrically conductive surface and circumferential contacts at each end. Under the conducting surface is a thermocouple designed to measure the local temperature. The Local Heat Transfer Element includes a black plastic plate with circular access hole designed to fit the aperture in the Cross Flow Heat Exchanger duct. The active element has a circular graduated flange that fits in the access hole and allows the active element to be rotated about its central axis while in the airstream.
Experimental Capabilities:
Determination of the local heat transfer coefficient at the stagnation point on a cylinder in crossflow
Investigation of polar heat transfer coefficient for a single tube in a transversely flowing airstream at speeds of up to 30m/s.
Fluidisation and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit takes place within a transparent chamber and the range of bed material supplied can be rapidly changed. Alternative locally sourced bed materials and air distributors can be easily utilised for student project work. The objective of the Fluidisation and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit is to investigate the gas flow through a fixed and fluidised bed and to measure the heat transfer rate and coefficients for comparison with convective heat transfer rates in air. Application of fluidised beds is more widespread in industry than is usually appreciated, covering such diverse fields as power generation to food processing.
Experimental Capabilities:
Measurement of air flow and pressure drop through a variety of granular materials, as packed and as fluidised beds.
Observation of the behaviour in a fluidised bed of a wide range of granular materials, from onset of fluidisation to entrainment.
Investigation of the effect of distributor design on bed behaviour.
Investigation of the effect of:
Depth of immersion particle size
Superficial velocity.
The Fluidization And Heat Transfer unit consists of a glass cylinder with a bottom chamber and a top assembly. The bottom chamber has as a built-in air distributor. The distributor can be replaced by a locally designed one for students and other investigations. Fluidization And Heat Transfer bench top equipment is for studying the behavior of a fluidized bed and heat transfer coefficient of a hot surface in a fluidized bed. The top assembly consists of an air filter and a heating element, temperature probes and a pressure probe. Compressed air from an outside source is supplied to the bottom chamber. The air fluidizes the bed material and escapes to the atmosphere through the top filter. A small air compressor is provided. The glass cylinder assembly is attached to a panel through the top assembly and can be easily removed and installed. The glass cylinder is partially filled with granular bed material. The air flow rate is measured by a rotameter. A water manometer measures pressure drop in the fluidized bed. The heating element and, temperature probes can move up and down at any position in the glass cylinder. Safety features include overheating and overpressure. A heating element is provided in the glass cylinder. Temperature probes are provided for measurement of heating element surface, fluidized bed and air inlet to the bottom chamber.
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The Computerized Boiling Point Heat Transfer Unit is designed to display the various types of boiling to change the intensity of the heat flow. The experiment is performed with environmentally-friendly, special low boiling point liquid. A transparent vessel allows to observe the evaporation process at the heated cylinder. More precisely, can be reproduced the nucleate and the film boiling and it can plot the so-called pool boiling which is the basis of the design of the systems with the steam boiler. The cylinder operates as a fire tube heated from the inside. An integrated water-cooled condenser allows for a continuous boiling process. The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures and give many exercises. The special liquid used evaporates at low temperatures. An automatic data acquisition and analysis system for Personal Computer allows to take the measurements automatically, to plot the curves on screen or print them out, to store the experimental data on disk or print them.
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A small scale bench top accessory designed to measure the temperature profile and heat transfer along a horizontal Extended Surface. The resulting heat transfer gives a temperature profile that may be investigated and predicted by conventional analysis. A small diameter uniform rod is heated at one end and heat flowing along the rod by conduction is lost to the surroundings by a combination of natural convection and radiation.
Experimental Capabilities:
Determining the constant of proportionality/thermal conductivity of the rod material.
Calculating the heat transfer from an extended surface resulting from the combined modes of free convection and radiation heat transfer and comparing the result with a theoretical analysis.
Measuring the temperature distribution along an extended surface and comparing the result with a theoretical analysis.
In radiation the heat transfer takes place via electromagnetic waves. Unlike heat conduction and convection, heat radiation can also propagate in a vacuum. Heat radiation is one of the three basic forms of heat transfer. Heat radiation is not bound to a material.
Features:
Effect of different surfaces on heat transfer by radiation.
A small oscilloscope necessary to balance the bridge is NOT included in the supply. The filament heating circuit voltage does not exceed 12V and the system has an isolated mains transformer. It is self contained and built into a high quality instrument case designed for bench mounting with the experiment easily visible. A second vessel with cooling system accommodates the second arm of the bridge, a variable voltage supply for filament heating, the AC bridge circuit, a panel mounted ammeter and voltmeter, switch gear, electrical stirring system and a 0-105ºC thermometer. It consists of the heat proof glass observation vessel containing the liquid and housing the nickel filament whose length and diameter can be measured, together with an additional low voltage heating element for rapid warm up.
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