Freeze Drying is the process by which the solvent of a solution is turned from solid state into gaseous state without going through the liquid state, that is to say that the solvent of a solution (generally water) is separated by sublimation. The Freeze Drying Plant allows to perform the entire freeze drying cycle, thus enabling the student to fully understand both the process and the problems involved in plant design. It is used to preserve foods such as fruit juices, vegetables, meat, and fish.
The Freeze Drying process consists of two stages:
First, the product to be dried is frozen below its freezing point.
Second the solvent, now in the solid state, is sublimated by heating under vacuum. Evaporated water is frozen on a very cold surface and then eliminated.
The Set Of Sectioned Components For Refrigeration And Conditioning Plants set includes some of the most important components, used in refrigeration and conditioning plants such ascompressors, condensers, expansion valves etc. Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings andtechnical data. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.The use of contrasting colors according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learningone.
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Digital Circuit Training Kit it uses high level quality components, it is designed for carrying out multi-type digital circuit experiments and it is suitable for electronic technology research and development in the vocational and technical school and universities.
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Three gang prism mould to produce 50x50x250 mm specimens.
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mm/inch mm/inch mm/inch mm/inch mm/inch
Surfacing capacity: 254/10 330/13 330/13 228/9 305/12
Length of surface table: 1220/48 1295/51 1550/61 1220/48 1220/48
Rebating capacity: 12.5/1/2 12.5/1/2 12.5/1/2 12.5/1/2 12.5/1/2
Cutter block diameter: 95/3.75 95/3.75 95/3.75 95/3.75 95/3.75
Cutter block speed (rpm): 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Up/down movement of cir.saw table: 75/3 75/3 75/3 75/3 75/3
Max.circular saw diameter: 300/12 300/12 300/12 300/12 300/12
Power required -hp/rpm: 2/1440 2/1440 3/1440 2/1440 2/1440
The PLC Technician Troubleshooting Learning System module easily mounts to the workstation and includes cables to ensure full compatibility. The fault kit includes I/O cables for connection of the PLC to the I/O on the Learning System. The PLC Technician Troubleshooting Learning System PLC includes all the hardware components needed to support the PLC Technician Troubleshooting Learning System student learning materials. Factory installed integration package creates faults specific to the PLC. This fault package is fully compatible with the computer-based fault insertion system supplied with the Learning System. The PLC Technician Troubleshooting Learning System includes: PLC, communications cable, I/O connector kit, fault insertion engineering and connector kit, supplemental CD, student curriculum for both theory and lab, and teacherassessment guide.
Features:
Student Reference Guide
Adds to the PLC Workstation
Hands-on Skills
Optional Online eBooks
Teaches troubleshooting, programming and applications of the Siemens PLC.
In conjunction with the load unit, the test engine is a complete engine test stand. The connection to the brake is made via a rotationally elastic coupling with a jointed shaft. The engine is attached to the load unit by fasteners. The engine used here is a four-cylinder diesel engine. It has its own closed cooling water circuit. A solid welded frame on rollers, with a vibration-insulated base plate, carries the entire setup. Hazardous areas such as hot surfaces and rotating parts are covered with perforated plates.
Learning Objectives/Experiments:
In conjunction with load unit
Energy balances
Overall engine efficiency
Plotting of torque and power curves
Determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Determination of specific fuel consumption.
The PLC Programmable Logic Controller And Automation Training System has a built-in powerful industrial PLC employing the latest technology features which allows the management of all the typical variables of an industrial process. The PLC Programmable Logic Controller and Automation Training System is today the core of most of the control systems. The PLC programs can be managed by a PC and dedicated software for Windows. The system is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the unit, the installation and utilization procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results. In fact, very often in any automated system the commands and controls are processed and executed by PLC. The unit makes available in a single structure all the equipment required to carry out exercises at any level of complexity, from the simplest to the most demanding.
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Straight Glass Tube With Fixed Bed From Glass Spheres As Reactor
Transparent Double Jacket From Pmma For Cooling And Heating
Plug-Flow Reactor For Connection To Supply Unit
Sensor For Measuring The Conductivity And Temperature Via
Air Vessel For Damping Of Pulsation
T-Piece With Nozzle For Mixing The Reactants
Temperature control in the reactor via.
The water finally flows back into the sump tank T1, the heat introduced into the system being removed by a water cooler, HE1. V2 simulates a vessel used for a hazardous process reaction, demanding the use of flame proof control equipment in its immediate vicinity, thus providing a logical reason for the use of pneumatic and interfaced control equipment. The process which forms the basis of operation of the various control loops and equipment is illustrated in. Water is fed to a centrifugal pump from sump tank T1 and then to a water heater HE2 before passing into two vessels V1 and V2, mounted in series and simulating a reactor system. Four standard areas of control are presented.
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Self-contained, wall mounted
Interchangeable brake lining friction material
3 diameters of friction plate to be supplied
Variable plate pressure using calibrated weights supplied
Comprehensive instruction manual for students and lecturer supplied.
To enable determination of coefficient of friction and minimum torque to maintain rotation
Torque application to be applied using cord and hangers.
The compressor is driven by a variable speed d.c. electric motor with a belt gearing-up system of O to 4000 RPM with a transmission ratio of 7.5/1.If is possible to read the pressure values, upstream and downstream of the compressor, by means of 2 U shaped differential manometers. The industrial type compressor used in this apparatus is a single stage machine having a 127 mm dia impeller and an aluminium scroll with fluid threads rectifier. Thermometers are inserted into the circuit in order to read the air temperature before and after the passage through the centrifugal compressor. At the maximum speed of over 29,000 RPM, if develops a downstream pressure of about 230 mmHg with a max air capacity of 1230 kg/h.
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The Three Dimensional Equilibrium equipment is used for studying the equilibrium of five concurrent and non-concurrent forces in a three dimensional system. A vertical load with a cord is applied at one of the joints. Each cord is marked out a 100 mm length. Two mirrors are attached on two adjacent side walls and transparent plates with transparent graph grids are attached on the other two side walls. Four cords, each with a load hanger outside the frame, pass over the pulleys and meet inside the frame concurrently or non-concurrently with an additional cord between two joints. By aligning each marked cord to the mirror, its coordinates in space can be measured. A rigid box frame has four swiveling pulleys at the top corners and leveling screws at the legs.
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A connection panel that allows open signal access to connect a compatible controller e.g. the PLC Trainer with Software for controlling the training bench operation. The has been designed and manufactured to incorporate all current safety standards. The refrigerant used complies with anti-pollution legislation.
Chiller Units Training Bench with Open Signal Access that is designed to allow the theoretical and practical studies into the operation and use of chiller units and the use of an intermediate fluid (a mixture of water and anti-freeze), for the transport of cooling power form the cooling production plant to the user site.
The allows students to become familiar with plant start-up and operational safety checks, control and system operating parameters and calculation of thermal balances and efficiencies.
Experiments:
Study and understanding of the operation of a chiller unit
Plant start-up and system monitoring using the incorporated protection and safety devices
On-off control of the cooled water temperature
Safety control using the high and low pressure switch and flow switch.
The flow pattern over a notch or weir is complex and there is no analytical solution to the relationship between discharge and head so that once again a semi-empirical approach has to be used. For small scale applications, weirs are often referred to as notches and invariably are sharp edged and manufactured from thin plate material. Hydraulics Bench incorporates a weir channel which is 158mm wide tapering to 152mm wide at the bottom, x 150mm deep x 735mm long in the working surface. The weir channel is fitted with an acrylic 60 triangular notch weir with an integral scale which can be used to provide an approximate indication of the flow rate. In open channels, weirs are commonly used to either regulate or to measure the volumetric flow rate. The Hook Gauge and Scale is an essential accessory for the accurate measurement of the upstream head. They are of particular use in large scale applications such as irrigation schemes, canals and rivers. For a detailed study of the discharge over weirs, provided two sets of weirs and a hook gauge.
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Three Phase Voltage Transformer for measuring and protection.
Accuracy class: 1
Frequency: 50 60 Hz
Rated primary voltage: 380 V/3 (220 V)
Rated secondary voltages: 100 V/3, Performance 15 VA 100 V/3, Performance 5 VA
In supersonic flow, air experiences very large changes in density as it approaches, passes through and trails shock waves. As the density of air changes, so does its index of refraction. Schlieren Systems let you see shock waves as a combination of bright and dark areas. In the study of supersonic flow, shock and expansion waves are used to determine Mach number. Schlieren are optical in homogeneities in transparent materials. In most situations, however, they are virtually invisible to the naked eye.
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This process is called balancing. The machine component is then balanced and runs without vibration. During imbalance, the principal axis of inertia or centre of gravity of the rotating machine component is outside its axis of rotation. Imbalances on rotating machines are often the cause of disruptive vibrations and noise. By adding or removing masses, the centre of gravity or the principal axis of inertia can be shifted so that both coincide with the axis of rotation.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Comparison of static, dynamic or general imbalance
Demonstration of imbalance vibrations at different speeds
Perform a balancing operation
Determine an imbalance.
Features:
Static and dynamic imbalance.
Representation of the fundamental processes involved in balancing.
The turbine twin nozzles with flow control valves direct water jets to the runner radial blades. Mini Axial Flow Impulse Turbine Demonstration Unit is a mini axial flow impulse turbine for studying the turbine characteristics with data analysis by computer. The unit is to be used with Mini turbine service unit, and a computer. The unit consists of the mini axial flow impulse turbine with a dynamometer, output power sensors and software. Both are separately supplied.
Experiments:
Power output vs speed for various heads and flow rates.
Efficiency vs speed for a given head and flow rate.
Torque vs speed at various heads and flow rates.
Racing characteristics.
