Biodiesel Process Trainer PLC Controls provides students the opportunity to gain real operating experience focusing on all aspects of biodiesel production the chemical process, control strategy, and management of the chemical process. The Biodiesel Process Trainer is a pilot-scale plant that demonstrates both batch and semi-continuous conversion of vegetable oil feedstock into biodiesel. The Biodiesel Process Trainer has instrumentation to provide for control of all process flows, temperatures and levels.
Function:
The rate of reaction is influenced by several factors including temperature and degree of mixing. The Biodiesel Process Trainer is designed and built for instructional use and includes many student-friendly features. The conversion of triglycerides into biodiesel is normally performed by base-catalyzed conversion. This reaction takes place at modest conditions of temperature and pressure and can produce conversion rates over 98%. This highly flexible process trainer incorporates various commercially available mixing technologies and process configuration options to allow for the comparative analysis of the technologies currently available in the biodiesel industry. The main reaction vessel is constructed from industrial glass allowing the students to visually monitor the trans-esterification process.
The simple heating circuit with one subcircuit contains two flat radiators and is controlled by a temperature-led controller. A three-way mixing valve is the actuator. A complete domestic heating system can be set up using the trainer together with a hot water generator, Hot water passes through the radiators and heats the room air. It contains two heating circuits. A simulator is supplied for varying the outside temperature. The heating circuit with two subcircuits contains four radiators and two heating controllers. Both heating circuits are equipped with commercially available heating technology control devices. Solenoid valves enable control of the heat distribution in the two subcircuits. Each heating circuit contains a circulating pump.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Hydronic balancing of heating circuits with multiple radiators
Function and design of commercially available heating technology components
Design of a room heating system with controller and actuator
Temperature-led heating controller (outside temperature) with three-way mixing valve
Measurement of differential pressures, temperatures and flow rates
Energy calculation and evaluation of emitted heating capacity based on measured quantity of heat
Simulator for varying outside temperature
Function and design of a room heating system divided into sections
Reading and comprehension of symbols and process schematics
The Acceleration Module is suitable to study the behaviour of a system by using a piezoresistive acceleration transducer.
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Regulated heating circuit with water tank, heater and pump to regulate the reactor temperatures
Peristaltic pump with adjustable speed to transport the reactant into the reactors
Investigation of catalytic reactions
1 scaled container for reactant and product respectively
3 reactors (pmma) for comparison of various fixed bed catalyses
Photometer for analysis of the product.
The unit provides students with the opportunity of investigating the effects of a change of controller parameters (proportional band, integral and derivative times) on the control capability of the system. The Temperature Control Apparatus illustrates the control of temperature in a simulated reactor vessel by controlling the supply of coolant (air) in response to changes in process conditions. The unit is made up of typical items of control equipment currently used in industrial applications, thereby providing an excellent opportunity for familiarisation.
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The system includes two water refrigerators to cool the air generated by the compressor, complete with thermo-resistances for measuring the temperature of the air and water at the input and output. The Double Stage Compressor Study Unit makes it possible to study the main characteristics of a twin-cylinder air compressor with two-stage compression. The bench is trolley-mounted and has a front panel on which the control devices and all the instruments needed for the tests are located.
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Static And Dynamic Balancing Vibration integral linear scale ensures accurate linear position of each mass, whilst an integral angular scale ensures accurate angular position of each mass. A bench mounted enclosure contains all the electronics and safety guard for Static And Dynamic Balancing Vibration apparatus. A set of 12 balance masses are provided of varying mass, and each one has a thin alignment slot produced. A top the enclosure lid is a shaft running in bearings. The shaft can carry upto four balance masses (non-coplanar). Each mass can be easily adjusted for imbalance by its radius, linear and angular position.
Experimental Capabilities:
Comparison between theoretical and actual results
Use of vector diagrams, vector resolution, resultant forces, moment polygons, turning moments
Method of achieving balanced system
Imbalance of rotating masses and the affect on surrounding components
Static balancing of non-coplanar masses
Dynamic balancing of non-coplanar masses
Angular and linear adjustment of balance masses.
The Heat Pump with Dual Mode Evaporator Training Bench comprises a hermetic piston compressor with integrated oil cooler and a water condenser. All instruments are included to take real-time data readings for further analysis.
The refrigerant used complies with anti-pollution legislation.
An Air-to-Water Heat Pump with Dual mode Evaporator Training Bench for studying the refrigeration cycle where the evaporator can be operated with either water or air.
The Heat Pump with Dual Mode Evaporator Training Bench has been designed and manufactured to incorporate all current safety standards.
Experiments:
Studying the operation of a heat pump
Determining the ideal and actual coefficient of performance (C.O.P.)
Comparison of evaporator operation and performance when operated with air or water
Reading and analysing the water temperatures and flow rate in real-time when the equipment is operating
Reading and analysing refrigerant pressures, temperatures and flow rate
Plotting the refrigeration cycle on a p-h diagram.
An eleven tube static pressure manometer bank is attached to the convergent divergent duct. A dye injection system is provided which allows for a single filament of dye to be introduced into the entrance to the convergent section to enable laminar and turbulent flow regimes to be demonstrated. Bernoulli's Apparatus consists essentially of a two dimensional rectangular section convergent divergent duct designed to fit between Constant Head Inlet Tank and Variable Head Outlet Tank. The convergent divergent duct is symmetrical about the centre line with a flat horizontal upper surface into which the eleven static pressure tappings are drilled. The differential head across the test section can be varied from zero up to a maximum of 450 mm. The test section is manufactured from acrylic sheet. The height of the channel at entry and exit is 19.525 mm and the height at the throat is 6.35 mm. The static tappings are at a pitch of 25 mm distributed about the centre and therefore about the throat. The lower surface is at an angle of 4 29'. The width of the channel is 6.35 mm.
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Many different modules can be connected to a base-unit. For each product line, comprehensive experiment manuals in four colours are available. This equipment and the manuals cover everything you need for basic studies in Electricity and Electronics.
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The Head Loss Study Unit is fitted with contraction devices for the determination of flow-rate, a Pitot tube to measure the velocity of the fluid flow, and one manometers to measure pressure differences. The Head Loss Study Unit combines all the elements necessary to conduct extensive studies on head losses in pipes and valves.It is easy to handle and has different test shapes and valves of different kinds. The measures can be made in different operating conditions and the values obtained can be easily compared with theoretical results.
The training unit is supplied in two versions:
Fed from water network
Self-sufficient
Employing variable test section porosity, computer-controlled valves, chokes and flaps, target airspeeds are easy to achieve and maintain. Using compressed air Transonic Wind Tunnels offer running speeds of M=0.3 to M=1.3. Systems with test section sizes of 8-inch x 8-inch (20.32cm x 20.32cm) and 20-inch x 20-inch (51cm x 51cm) are available.
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The unit consists of a storage tank, a pump, a turbine, a dynamometer, and measuring instruments. The adjustable nozzle direct a water jet to the runner buckets. Compact Pelton Turbine Test Set is a self contained bench top set for studying the Pelton turbine characteristics under various flow rates and heads.
Experiments:
Efficiency vs speed for a given head and flow rate.
Racing characteristics.
Torque vs speed at various heads and flow rates.
Power output vs speed for various heads and flow rates.
Ball And Hoop Apparatus
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The various parts are supplied as accurate cutway models, connected together to show thier operation in an easy, immidiately understandable manner. Transmission Assembly fitted to most 4x4 cross country vehicles.
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Complete with connecting cables, experiment manual and software for data acquisition and display. Trainer for the theoretical practical study of the hydrogen based fuel cells energy.
Training Objectives:
Determining characteristic curve of solar panel
Voltage controlled automatic measurements
Determining characteristic curve of electrolyser
Study of a fuel cell stack up to ten cells
Determining fuel cell efficiency
Determining decomposition voltage of water
Producing and storing hydrogen
Learning about Faraday's laws
Determining characteristic curves of fuel cell
Monitoring single cell stack voltages at your PC
Power controlled automatic measurements
Long term measurements at your own PC
Fixing the output at different operating points of the fuel cell stack
Intended use:
Storage box for sample tubes, cryogenic vials and centrifuge tubes for clinical laboratory use.
Intended to provide centrifugal separation in 2.0ml microtubes in the different fields of medical laboratories.
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Capacity Approx. 50ml.
Non-sterile, Single use/disposable.
Screw cap, wide mouth, leakproof.
Clear plastic.
Sample container used to collect a wide range of clinical specimens.
Vaccine storage capacity: 241 L
Volume category: >120L
Energy consumption, stable running (kWh/24 hours): 2.21
Operating temperature: Min and Max rated ambient temperature:?+10°C and +43°C
UIFPF- Grade A
Refrigerant: R290, 145 grams
Prequalified Intermittent Mains Powered Refrigerator for storage of vaccines at +2 ?C to+8?C.
Equipment operating voltage and frequency: 220-240 Volt, 50Hz/60Hz or 100-127 Volt 50Hz/60Hz, 1ph.
