A bench mounted, belt driven, single stage reciprocating air compressor with a motor dynamometer allowing measurement of the motor shaft power.
Intake and discharge air pressures are measured together with the air flow rate, motor drive speed and torque.
An intake vessel reduces intake air pulsations and a high pressure air receiver is connected to the compressor discharge.
The unit is supplied with a detailed experimental operating and maintenance manual giving example experimental results and sample calculations.
An optional computerized data acquisition upgrade is available that allows all relevant system parameters to be automatically recorded on a PC.
Integral duplex thermocouples record all relevant system temperatures and are connected to a multi-way selector switch and digital temperature indicator.
The unit has dial gauge attached to the upper end of the rubber block to measure the amount of deformation. The unit consists of a frame that is attached to wall. To produce shear strain in the rubber block, load is applied to metallic strip via a hanger. A rubber block is affixed to its surface. The rubber block has a metallic strip fastened to its surface.
This apparatus is designed to study the shear strain in a rubber block due to the shear stress applied on it. When a force acts parallel to the surface of any object, it produces shear strain in it.
The heavy-duty box-section support beamworks as the main support underneath the test beams and the leaf spring duringthe tests. The spring is of the same heavy-duty design as those used in vehicle suspensions. The Beam and Leaf Spring parts fit into the compressive testarea of Universal Testing Machine. The testing machine applies a compressive bending force and measures the beam deflection. Students may adjust the position of the knife edge supports to setthe length of beam under test. This give students a better understanding of a ‘real world engineering component. For beam tests, the test beam rests across two knife edge supports fixed to the support beam. This forms a ‘simply supported beam. For leaf spring tests, the spring rests on its rollerson two fl at supports fixed to the support beam. They can then compare theresults with those predicted by theory. Again, the testing machineapplies a compressive force and measures the leaf spring deflection. For thebeams, students use the deflection and force values to find the relationshipbetween force and deflection for the different beams.
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The vibrating cantilever examines what happen the spring element is not light. Additionally, it examines a beam as a complete self-contained system, forming the mass and the spring. Free Vibrations Of A Cantilever fits to the sturdy Test Frame for study or demonstration. However, in mass spring system, we normally assume a light spring compared to the mass. The vibrating cantilever forms a simple and highly visual example of oscillations that may occur in real structures such as aircraft wings. A beam with the mass at the end works in a similar way to a mass spring system - the stiffness of the beam simply replaces the stiffness of the spring.
Free Vibrations Of A Cantilever is part of a range that explores free vibrations in simple one degree of freedom systems.
It introduces students to key scientific terms such as:
Phase difference between displacement and its derivatives
Beam stiffness
Second moment of area
Simple harmonic motion and frequency of oscillation.
Experiments:
Study and understanding of the operation of a chiller unit
Detecting the system operating parameters
Plotting of the refrigerant cycle on a pressure-enthalpy diagram of the refrigerant gas
On-off control of the cooled water temperature
Plant start-up and system monitoring using the incorporated protection and safety devices
Calculation of thermal balances for the refrigerant and water circuit
Safety control using the high and low pressure switch and flow switch.
Features:
Automatic requesting for testing result data, also capable of launching an advanced analysis to inspect the data.
As many as 20 layers of sensor linear compensation, elevates the precision of the instruments to the next level.
Support saving, instant retrieving and inspection of testing results.
Capable of re-analyzing test data and curves, and partial zooming of testing curves at will.
Rounding off of numerical testing data complies with Rules of Rounding Off for Numerical Values, supports rounding off in sections and custom rounding off.
Characteristic testing data can be marked on testing graphs.
Capable of statistical operations on testing data (average, standard deviation, coefficient of variance).
Dynamic display of load, displacement, deformation and real-time testing curve on the screen.
Closed loop control of channels such as load, displacement, deformation, etc. Smooth switching in between.
Support Excel report templates and customized editing of test reports.
Integrated with software limit protection, hardware travel limit protection and full scale overload protection.
Support for multi-language user-interface extendibility.
TFT true-color LED screen to display current rotation, target rotation turn and configured speed.
No stepping in speed adjustment. Automatic data recording. Rotation speed and turns configurable.
Equipped with translucent safety shield to prevent specimen from popping out when it breaks.
More reliable hydraulic gripping means for wires in large diameter.
Automatic stop when reaches target rotation turns or specimen breaks.
Distance between grip jaw continuously adjustable by moving the ball screw.
Stably and reliably controlled through human interface and PLC.
Stainless table makes it easier to clean.
Real-time drawing of curves of remaining load with time, or temperature with time.
Automatically retrieves test data and inspects the stress relaxation performance of the specimen. (e.g. stress relaxation rate, relaxed stress, relaxation rate, etc.)
Closed test space design reduces the temperature shift resulted from the air flow at the air-conditioner vent, improves the temperature uniformity and stability in the test space.
Pre-installed with reaction frame, provides more convenience for the load transducer to calibrate.
Comparing a framed structure with a column-based structure, the framed structure has better stiffness that is over 2.5 times greater than the column-based structure.
Support for 100-hour tests. Test time can be assigned at will. E.g. 24-hour test.
Closed loop control of channels such as load, displacement, deformation, etc. Smooth switching in between.
Splitting the sampling stage into four sub-stages and applies different sampling cycles in consideration of the logarithm characteristic of time, improving the reliability of data greatly.
Algorithm to predict specimens stress relaxation performance after 1000 hours (or any specified value in hours), with the option of single or double logarithm. Capable of predicting with standard specimen data or real-time collected data (Suggested). Integrated with an extensive specimen library to improve the precision and reliability of testing results.
As many as 20 layers of sensor linear compensation, elevates the precision of the instruments to the next level.
Mini Axial Flow Impulse Turbine is to be used with Hydraulics Bench. The Mini Axial Flow Impulse Turbine twin nozzles with flow control valves direct water jets to the runner radial blades. Mini Axial Flow Impulse Turbine demonstrates axial flow impulse turbine characteristics i.e. torque, power and efficiency at different speeds for various heads and flow rates of water. Flow rate is measured by the Hydraulics Bench measuring tank. The apparatus has a hose for connection to the Hydraulics Bench. Nozzle pressure is indicated by a pressure gauge. Torque is measured by a prony brake with two spring balances. Speed is indicated on a portable tachometer.
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The unit is perfectly self-sufficient, takes up little space and can be easily moved. The hydraulic circuit essentially consists of a high-head centrifugal pump, a flow meter, two pressure gauges theturbine with the transparent end shield, a supply tank and the connecting pipes. An electrically operated centrifugal pump transfers the water under pressure from the main tank to the turbine, simulating thehigh drop and low flowrate conditions as are typical of Pelton turbines. Pelton Turbine Study Unit study unit has been designed for a complete range of tests on Pelton type hydraulic turbines. The purpose of the system is to enable the students to work out the power and torque curves of a Pelton turbine. Next to the nozzle control hand-wheel there is aprofile reproducing the nozzle and the distributor needle on a 1 to 1 scale. A nozzle and a Double needle with hand-wheel control permit the fine adjustment of the turbine supply flow, whilst a jetdiverter makes it possible to prevent exceedingly high runaway velocities.
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The apparatus is designed to be used on the working surface of the basic Air Flow Bench and connected by convoluted hose to the 70 mm dia. blown experiment duct on the fan outlet. However, it may be used as a standalone unit by connecting it to any suitable fan with an air supply of approximately 500 litre/sec. at 600 Pascals and by utilising appropriate manometers. A pitot static tube is fitted at the outlet end of the venturi duct and this can be traversed longitudinally along the centre line to enable its measuring tip to be positioned at various points. The apparatus comprises an acrylic duct with the upper and lower surfaces in opaque material and the sides clear. The whole unit forms a 60 x 50 mm rectangular cross section converging to a 20 x 50 mm throat area then diverging back to 60 x 50 mm section at the exit plane. Measured positions are obtained against two scales positioned on opposite sides of the duct to avoid parallax errors. A plot of typical results which can be obtained is shown in the graph. The scales are marked in millimetres but are reversible to show imperial measurements.
Introduction:
In carrying out the experiment the student is able to verify Bernoullis Theorem which, in its wider form, states that: At any point in a tube through which a fluid is flowing, the sum of pressure energy, potential energy and kinetic energy is constant.
Bernoullis Apparatus is designed to demonstrate visually the interchange between static and dynamic pressure as air flows through a duct of variable cross sectional area.
18 Flush-mounted pressure taps around its Clark Y-14 airfoil
Angular position is adjustable
Mounts vertically and spans the test section of an Educational Wind Tunnel (12 inches / 30.48cm)
Comes with ample tubing
Pressure Wing has a chord of 3.5 inches (8.9cm).
The steam engine is supplied with steam from a steam header at a reduced pressure via an overspeed trip solenoid valve and a displacement lubricator from which oil is displaced by droplets of condensed steam into the steam supply to lubricate the engine. Steam Engine Steam Bench consists of a sturdy framework and panels of all steel construction, fitted with a student work surface, interconnecting hack panel and adjustable feet. Engine inlet and outlet steam pressures are indicated on 0-16 bar and -1 to 3 bar Bourdon tube pressure gauges respectively. A control cubicle surmounted by resistive load elements within a separate ventilated enclosure, contains electrical control circuits and is fitted with the control switches and the indicating instruments for engine speed, dynamometer output current and voltage and analogue temperatures which can be selected by an associated multi-position switch. The steam bench comprises a robust single cylinder, double acting reciprocating steam engine driving a dynamometer which enables a calculable, variable resistive load to be easily imposed on the engine. Exhaust steam is cooled by a water cooled, coiled tube type condenser.
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A low range strain gauge transducer measures the positive or negative force caused by the torque reaction produced when swirling air is straightened by the honeycomb. This torque is normally calibrated over a small range for higher accuracy.
The display unit contains the signal conditioning electronics in a rack mounting module.
The front panel carries the 4 digit LED display, a main on/off switch and zero and span potentiometers. The rear panel connections include a 10V analog signal for connection to the data acquisition system.
The matrix is connected via a torque to a strain gauge transducer which is calibrated by suspending weights over pulleys either side of the torque arm.
The length of torque arm is such as to enable torque values up to 0.1Nm to be The unit shall be arranged for flow in an upward and downward direction and is supplied complete with adaptor plate having a pilot bore of diameter 50mm.
Swirl meter comprises a Honeycomb matrix mounted within cylindrical housing.
The dimensions of individual cell of the matrix being suitable for arresting the swirl of the incoming air
Consists of a fabricated steel frame bench mounted on casters, which house the major components Control, instrumentation and data acquisition is mounted on the frame in one 3U high, 19 wide electronic rack enclosure.
Intended for use with port models with a nominal free air capacity of 50 litres/second.
It is used for blowing or drawing air through the cylinder head port model. The mode of control may either be direct fan speed set point or by the test piece pressure drop set point. A variable speed centrifugal fan/blower unit, capable of 100mBar static pressure and a flow rate of 300m/hr, is attached to a base plate on the bottom level of the frame.
The self-contained unit can do many experiments, but it can also connect to other products in the range for extra experiments. The Pressure Process Training System is a compact and mobile unit for a wide range of experiments in pressure control. It gives students a greater understanding of the stability of simple control systems. For distributed control, it can connect to the optional Computer Control System. For cascade control of flow and pressure, it can link to the optional Flow Process Training System.
The main parts are:
Industrial controller with auto-tune feature
Current-to-pressure converter
Gauge pressure transmitter
Pressure accumulator
Three-speed pump
Reservoir
Two-channel chart recorder
Pneumatic control valve.
The resistance that the spring presents opposite of the elastic deformation is known as spring stiffness. It is a characteristic variable of the spring. In helical springs, the spring force is generated by the elastic deformation of a metal band wound in an Archimedean spiral. If a mass is attached to the spring, we refer to it as a springmass system.
Features:
Torsional oscillations of a spring-mass system.
Visual Refrigeration Training Unit operates on refrigerant. An electrical control box is mounted on the back panel and includes indicators/warning lamp, on/off contactor and overload, as well as residual current device for protection against earth leakage. Visual Refrigeration Training Unit comprise an air-cooled condensing unit with open type twin cylinder reciprocating compressor and a transparent plastic evaporator, clearly showing change of state of refrigerant from liquid to vapour phase. The unit also incorporates, Liquid/suction heat exchanger, Liquid line filter drier and sight glass, HP/LP switches, Compound and pressure gauges, Suction and discharge service valves fitted, Liquid line hand wheel valve fitted for easy manual pump down of system. The following refrigerant flow control options may be selected by the use of hand wheel valves: Automatic Expansion Valve; Thermostatic Expansion Valve, Internally equalised; Capillary with Separate Filter Drier.
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Switchable Capacitor Battery system with which different capacitance values can be connected to the mains for reactive power compensation. Each switching level can be controlled separately: internally, through 4 toggle switches, externally, through 4 control inputs Coil operating voltage: 220 Vac
Four switching levels each consisting of 3 capacitors in star connection with discharging resistors:
level 1 (b1 coil): 3 x 2 ¼F/450 V
level 2 (b2 coil): 3 x 4 ¼F/450 V
level 3 (b3 coil): 3 x 8 ¼F/450 V
level 4 (b4 coil): 3 x 16 ¼F/450 V
Compensation power: max 1360 VAr at 50 Hz, 380 V.
The delivery is our responsibility! You can choose the following areas programs and we will provide a proposal FREE of charge.
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The column demonstration apparatus is a small scale vessel that models the operation of a gas contactor or distillation column using air and water as working fluids. Column staging internals show:
Tray columns using sieve, valve and bubble-cap trays
Packed columns using both random and structured packing
Function:
The process has manual control valves with rotameters and is intended to demonstrate contactor distillation principles with basic visual manual operation.
Gas Contactor Distillation Column Demonstrator process uses air and water to emulate column dynamics. Water is recycled; the air is vented to atmosphere.
