The water being the heaviest in gravity stays at the bottom while the oil floats on top and the gas occupies the void space in the vessel. A combination of refined oil, water and air enters the vessel, the flow is directed to the spherical end of the vessel where primary separation occurs and then flows through the vessel where it meets the coalescer. At the secondary separating section, the fluids are allowed to slow down and separate by gravity.
External Capabilities:
Learn basic principles of control and operation of a three-phase separator
Evaluation of emulsion chemistry possible (stable & unstable emulsion)
Effect of water-oil ratio on residence time
Effect of varying operating conditions on separation
Effect of continuous-phase medium on droplet size and separation
Variation of water cut to show the effect on separation and residence time
Effect of flow rate on emulsion formation
The effect of density difference on separation
Effect of step change on overall process
Effect of gravity separation on small SG.
The tie rods support a two section roadway that is equipped with a central hinge to demonstrate the bending moment. The roadway can be loaded using various weights. Two mechanical dynamometers measure the bearing forces. The set is intended for use with the universal test frame and demonstrates the behaviour of a suspension bridge as often to be seen in reality. Tie rods are hung from a double supporting cord, the length of the rods varies such that the cord is hung in a parabola shape. In this way the force distribution between the cords and roadway is determined for varying load cases. The forces in the supporting cords are measured using a further set of weights.
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Inlet and outlet air pressures, temperatures and air flow rate, turbine torque and speed are recorded by a combination of instrumentation on the Compressible Flow Range base unit and the optional module.
Inlet and outlet air temperatures are recorded allowing the temperature drop due to work output to be measured. An impulse turbine with 4 separate nozzles and control valves, a throttle valve and belt brake dyna mometer.
Experiment bench top apparatus for demonstrating the fundamentals of simple planar systems of forces.
Two weights set supplied.
Individual components to be stored in portable case.
All spares and accessories supplied.
To be supplied with vertical mounting panel and pen.
To cover topics as follows: Equilibrium of forces, addition and resolution of forces with force parallelogram, principles of levers, moment and moment equilibrium, forces in supports.
It consists of a transparent illuminated test chamber where the aerodynamic models are mounted and of a smoke generator. Fluid Threads Visualizer has been designed in order to visualize the fluid threads in a low-turbulence wind tunnel.
The Fluid Threads Visualizer unit is available in two versions:
Fluid threads visualizer with manual control
Fluid threads visualizer with motor control
Experiments:
Measurement of the efficiency of the collector with and without a transparent cover.
Measurement of the maximum possible energy collector temperature.
Understanding the effective use of the direct component of solar radiation.
Demonstrations of the performance, advantages and limitations of a focusing solar energy collector.
Computer interface unit and software are included. The Continuous Beam Computer Interface set has the same accessories as Vertical Force Supports are replaced by Vertical Force Load Cells with digital indicators.
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The sturdy construction is necessary for accurate results in vibration experiments, but this also gives the frame a long service life. Despite its sturdy construction, the frame is light enough for two people to move it around the classroom easily. The Test Frame has two extruded alloy horizontal members each with slotted fixing points to all four sides. The two triangular sides each have adjustable levelling feet. As table, level Test Frame is essential in vibration experiments to give repeatable and accurate results. Include a storage tray and lid with the Test Frame. For use with Free Vibrations Experiments, the Test Frame fits on any standard desk or bench top. Students, teachers or lecturers fit the parts of their free vibrations experiments to the Test Frame to study or demonstrate a free vibrations topic. The Test Frame also includes a hexagon tool and a spirit level for easy assembly and levelling. This is useful to store tools and smaller parts of your optional experiments, helping prevent accidental loss or damage.
Standard Features:
Supplied with comprehensive user guide
Hydrostatics Set is a reduced version of the hydrostatics bench designed to be used with the Hydraulics Bench.
Experimental Capability of Hydrostatics Set:
Manometry and Hares Tube
Capillarity
Demonstration of Pascals Law.
The unit consists of a backboard unit, mounted directly onto the with:
Hare tube, 600 mm long
Manometer manifold block
2x Fluid manometer, 600 mm long
Pascals apparatus, comprising glass tubes of differing shapes and varying cross-sectional area sealed by a pressure disc actuated by a weighing beam
Capillarity apparatus comprising set of capillary tubes in frame and trough
Capillarity apparatus comprising two glass plates in frame and trough
It provides extra experiments andstudies into power generation. The motor and generator set consists of two coupled machines mounted in the base of the control console. A self-contained motor and generator set that operates as asecond generator for Power System Trainer. The relays show students how actual generatorsare protected and the different ways that they are protected. Students can setthe relays from their control panels. Manual or differenttypes of automatic excitation control the output of the generator. A vector drive controls the speed of the motor. Digital meters show the conditions ofthe prime mover and generator. The circuit breakers also include hand-operated switches,and lamps. The lamps show whether the circuit-breaker is open or closed. The relays also include sockets to linkthem to a suitable computer for moredetailed programming, if needed. The relays operate the circuit breakers aroundthe second generator.
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Experiments of Oil Pumps Assembly Testing Bench
Comparative analysis of pump operation for different values of speed, flow, pressure, head, intake, generated hydraulic power, absorbed mechanical and electric power.
Forced generation and visualization of cavitation phenomena
Determination of pump hydraulic characteristics
Efficiency calculation.
The Oil Pumps Assembly Testing Bench teaching unit is a modular group designed to perform complete functional tests on a series of 4 oil pumps of industrial type. Each pump is taken into consideration individually and with it the following characteristic data can be obtained:
Suction pressure
Power consumption
Speed
Delivery pressure
Flow rate.
The module consists of two parts, a straight section Followed by a regular 90° elbow. The lower and lower are made of black acrylic plastic while the Sides are transparent. Multitube of The velocity of the air is measured by a Pitot tube, supplied With the bench, connected to the double pipe manometer inclined. Curves representing typical results Can be obtained are presented in the graph cidessus. The conduit measures 60 mm Height for 50 mm depth. Several measuring points are located both in the parts. The top and bottom of the elbow joint to Connection with multi-tube manometer, device Necessary for the use of this module. However, it can be used separately in Connecting to a suitable fan an air flow of about 500 liter / sec for 600 Pa and using the manometer. The appliance is designed for use on the basic air flow bench and connected by pipes Twisted to the experimental duct 'blown' at the exit of the fan.
Experimental Ability:
Study of the flow around the elbow fitting.
Comparison with theory and actual readings of Pressure coefficients as well as the pressure loss at Through the elbow.
Theoretical test on the effects of the boundary layer,Turbulence and on a single whirlwind.
Definition of the dimensionless pressure coefficient.
Calculation of the volumetric flow around the elbow ratio.
Calculation of the Bernoulli equation between the upstream sector Duct and any point in the reportelbow.
Ideal for small group experiments or classroom demonstrations, the apparatus is floor standing. A variablespeed fan mounted on top of the wind tunnel produces the air flow through the working section. Air flow is vertically upwards. A vertical, suction-type wind tunnel with smoke visualisation. Allows demonstrations and student investigations into the flow of air around a wide variety of differently shaped models. Smoke is produced by the vapourisation of a high-quality food grade oil. A filter helps provide uniform air flow. A smoke generator connects to a comb mounted in the wind tunnel below the working section. Students can move the comb from side to side to aid investigations into the aerodynamic properties of a test model.
Experiments:
When used with the optional models, the visualisation and demonstration of:
Separation
Rotational flow
Boundary layers
The steam bench incorporates four similar mild steel tubes, each connected to a common steam supply via an inlet regulating valve and a common blowdown line via an outlet valve. Two of the tubes are unlagged but have differing finishes, namely a painted finish and a chromium plated finish respectively. Lagging Efficiency Steam Bench consists of a sturdy framework and panels of all steel construction, fitted with a student work surface, interconnecting back panel and adjustable feet. The measured temperatures are displayed on an analogue temperature meter via a selection switch. From measurements of temperature and condensate levels over a period of time, students are able to calculate the lagging efficiency and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the lagging. The remaining two tubes are lagged, one with glass fibre webbing tape and the other with a pre-formed fibre glass insulation jacket. Each tube is fitted with a sight glass and scale to enable condensate to be measured.
Features:
Pressure test certificates supplied for major components
Easy installation
Comprehensive instrumentation
Dividing panels so radiation does not affect thermocouple readings
Compact modular design
Low capital cost.
The impulse swirl meter uses a swinging honeycomb type matrix which is restrained from rotation by a strain-gauged load cell to totally arrest the angular swirl component thereby measuring the resultant angular impulse as a torque. Earlier methods of measuring swirl such as swirl vane meters, were dependent on the velocity profile of the air stream, whereas the impulse type of meter overcomes this limitation by responding to the total angular momentum flux in the swirling air flow.
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The unit consists of a storage tank, a pump, a turbine, a dynamometer, and measuring instruments. The adjustable nozzle direct a water jet tangentially to the runner. Compact Cross Flow Turbine Test Set is a self contained bench top set for studying the Cross Flow turbine characteristics under various flow rates and heads.
Experiments:
Efficiency vs speed for a given head and flow rate.
Racing characteristics.
Torque vs speed at various heads and flow rates.
Power output vs speed for various heads and flow rates.
The student obtains further training in diesel timing, fuel-air mixture measurements and injector performance. Single Cylinder Diesel Program provides advanced experiences in operating a single cylinder diesel engine measuring torque and speed. Any malfunction of the engine and loss of power is measured by an electric dynamometer.
The program includes a Electric Dynamometer, coupled to a Diesel Engine on a baseboard together with Air and Fuel flow meter set-up and interconnection system running on biodiesel. The data aqcuistion system can also be added to the basic Single Cylinder Diesel Program to record data and compare results. Horsepower and Torque can be viewed on screen in a visual graph. Information like can be graphed, and compared on a computer, then saved or printed. Single Cylinder Diesel Program is a powerful training aid for any student learning diesel.
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The hermetic condensing Reverse Cycle Refrigeration and Air Con Training Unit has a high starting torque motor with built-in winding protector, air-cooled condenser and liquid receiver. Reverse Cycle Refrigeration and Air Con Training Unit unit demonstrates both refrigeration and air conditioning principles as well as operation of two evaporators on one compressor by means of an evaporator pressure regulator. These comprise: Automatic expansion valve; internal equalised thermostatic expansion valve; External equalised thermostatic expansion valve. and Capillary tube with separate filter drier. A water cooled condenser is provided with an automatic condenser pressure regulator. Both the forced air evaporator and the static evaporator has a 3/8 O.D. copper tube coil block with aluminium fins. The Flow Controls may be selected by hand valves.
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Measurement of AC voltage, current, power, active energy, reactive energy, apparent energy, power factor and frequency.
Measurement of dc voltage, current, power and energy.
Alternate voltage: 450 V
Alternate current: 20 A
Direct voltage: 300 V
Direct current: 20 A
Power: 9000 W.
Solar PV Installation teaches how to install solar PV applications, emphasizing working with copper tubing, considerations in tubing installation, plastic pipe assembly, and installation of the key electrical, mechanical, and fluid systems. Focuses on the preparation needed for success, tubing selection and insulation, key skills required like soldering and brazing, and plastic pipe specifications and installation.
Features:
Strong Depth and Breadth of Content
Built for Self-Paced Learning
Engaging Interactions
Text and Audio
Stunning 3D Animations.
