The pipes are supported on frames and use hand screw clamps to connect the surge and hammer components. The equipment comprises two stainless steel pipes, which can be used either for surge tests or for hammer tests.
Experimental Capability:
Measurement of the velocity of sound through a fluid in a pipe
Recording of hammer pressure profiles using the digital scope supplied
Investigating the effects of pipe hammer caused by a fast closing valve.
Demonstration of water level oscillations in the surge shaft.
Demonstration of frictional head loss between reservoir and surge shaft.
Measuring the pressure profile of hammer
Demonstration of pipe surge.
Structural Specifications:
Quick connections for adaptation to feed hydraulics source.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution to the elements in the real unit.
Stainless structure.
Screws, nuts, plates and all the metallic elements in stainless steel.
Pressure sensor behind the water chamber for measuring The pressure wave
Pipe section with solenoid valve and two pressure sensors For measuring water hammer
Functioning of a surge chamber
Pipe section with ball valve and surge chamber
Volumetric flow measurement via supply unit
Surge chamber designed as transparent PMMA tank.
Formation and effect of water hammer
Waste valve with adjustable lift, closes cyclically due to flow force of the water
Tank with check valve and air volume is used as an air vessel
Pumping using water hammer
Elevated tank with variable pump head
Air volume in the air vessel is varied by vent valve
Fixed overflow tank is used as a water source, e.g. river, pool.
Investigation of water hammer and pressure waves in pipes
Pressure vessel with air cushion reflects the wave
Safety valve protects against overpressure in the system
Pipe section as coiled tube to save space
Instruments: pressure sensor, rotameter, manometer
Generation of water hammer via solenoid valve with adjustable closing time
Generation of water hammer via solenoid valve with constant closing time.
A free standing unit developed to demonstrate the phenomena of pipe surge & water hammer when connected to a Hydraulics Bench.
Electronic sensors used to measure pressure transients at two locations in the water hammer test pipe, one adjacent to fast acting valve and one half way along the test pipe.
Includes two separate stainless steel test pipes, both 3m long, constant head tank, slow acting valve, fast acting valve etc
Straight metal pipes used, rather than a coiled arrangement, to minimize distortion to the pressure profile
A transparent surge shaft (40 mm diameter and 800mm high) with scale allows transient water levels to be observed and timed
Pressure transients monitored using a PC (not supplied) using a USB connection from the pressure transducers (requires no external electrical supply).
