Continuous and Indeterminate Beams Apparatus a fourth pier clamps a cantilever or the fixed end of a beam. A double pulley assembly provides vertical loading of the beam. Each pier caters for simply supported, or Continuous and Indeterminate Beams Apparatus and their beam attachments allow for rotation but no vertical movement during testing. Point loads and uniformly distributed loads can be applied to the beams using the set of calibrated weights and hangers supplied. Sinking supports can be studied due to the fact that each reaction pier has a height adjustment system and integral dial gauge attached. Three piers measure vertical reaction forces with their integral load cell which connect directly to the Interface.
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The cord is coupled to force measuring devices with a strain gauge via a tension spring. The unit is used in conjunction with the basic module for the experiments, cylindrical weights are placed on a horizontally rotating stainless steel disc. Using this experimental module, static friction and sliding friction, and the related friction vibrations and slip-stick effects can be clearly demonstrated. This is prevented from turning by a cord. An open container surrounds the friction disc. Different lubricants can be placed in this beaker.
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K-type thermocouples measure the inlet and outlet water and air temperatures, as well as permitting the connection of the air velocity sensor.
The air mass flow rate is derived using an air velocity sensor.
Some parts in the heat exchanger such as probes and axial fan can be easily removed for cleaning.
Enables variation of the parameters involved in the cross flow exchange process and therefore a complete analysis of the phenomena.
A comprehensive instruction manual is included.
Mounted on a PVC base plate which is designed to be installed on the plinth of the Heat Exchanger Unit without the need for tools.
Application:
Characteristics of the heater
ON OFF control of the temperature
Closed loop proportional integral control of the temperaturev
Characteristics of the temperature sensor
Closed loop proportional control of the temperature.
The bench-mounting equipment includes a back plate that holds two clear-walled cylinders containing oil (supplied). This piston compresses or decompresses a trapped column of air in the test cylinder. Students use hand-operated pumps (supplied) to increase or decrease the pressure in the left-hand cylinder (the Reservoir) which moves a liquid piston of oil in the right- hand cylinder (the test cylinder).
A digital indicator measures the change in height of the trapped air column. A mechanical pressure gauge measures the pressure of the trapped air. When multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the column, this gives the change in volume.
The equipment uses normal, clean, dry air, as it behaves as an ideal gas over the range of pressures used in this equipment.
Experiments:
Proving Boyles Law by experiment.
Demonstrations of gas temperature change during compression and decompression.
Ideal for demanding applications where there is potential for chemical splash.
Offer increased physical strength and even broader chemical holdout and suits
Elastic wrists, ankles and face opening
Zipper front
Attached hood
Color: Tan
Suitable for supporting the rotors during the motor construction and testing phases. Adjustable in length; to be fixed to the bench.
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The unit is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the unit, the installation and utilization procedures, as well as many exercises with experimental results. The Air water Heat Transfer Apparatus allows to perform several experiments relevant to the thermal exchange phenomena connected to convection and conduction and some interesting experiments on fluid dynamics. In particular, it is possible to study the thermal exchange between a gas (air) and a liquid (water) and the thermal exchange between an air flow rate in a forced motion and a wall at different temperature.
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Application:
Operation of an open loop and closed loop system
Characteristics of an encoder.
Centrifugal Force Apparatus
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The instrument shelter cover is horizontal two wood inlaid together, above the front behind the 10mm, in order to protect the equipment from damage.
The size of the instrument shelter is about 460mm * 290mm * 537mm (height, width and depth).
The height of the frame is 1500mm, the width of the material is 35mm, the thickness of 3mm is high quality carbon structural steel, and the surface is rustproof.
The experimental capability ranges from the measurement of friction torque under load, to determine the pressure distribution in a journal bearing, to plot a locus curve of a journal and to determine the bearing attitude for different conditions of load and speed. The behaviour of a classical journal bearing with hydrodynamic lubrication can be investigated with the apparatus. The radial load of max. 500N is adjusted manually with a hand wheel. The drive is an asynchronous motor with frequency converter. Five different journals are used to examine bearing clearance. X and Y positions are measured using inductive displacement sensors. All variables (speed, load, friction torque, oil supply pressure, oil peak pressure, oil temperature, X-displacement, Y-displacement) are indicated on 4-digit displays. The friction torque is measured by means of a lever arm equipped with an electronic force sensor.
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A comprehensive instruction manual describing how to carry out the laboratory teaching exercises in combined radiation and convection (free and forced) and their analysis as well as assembly, installation and commissioning is included.
K-Type thermocouples measure the vessel contents and the inlet and outlet temperature of both fluid streams (6 in total).
Comprises processing vessel with outer jacket, inner coil, variable speed stirrer and baffle.
The heat transfer between the pipe wall and medium can be studied. Baffles guide the air through the pipe bundle in a cross-flow. The air duct with the pipe bundle heat exchanger is fitted to and heated electrically. The power and surface temperature at the heater are measured and displayed on the base unit. The number of deflections can be varied by removing and adding baffles.
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Bench top experiment for demonstrating Hertzian contact
Dynamo meter spring balance
Sliding device for spring balance to allow continuously adjustable contact force
Pressure pad made of silicone rubber
Sturdy metal chassis with rubber feet
Transparent plastic pressure plate
Optimal illumination of the contact area using halogen light from the side.
The resulting deformation is recorded by a mechanical dial gauge, and is directly related to the bolt tension force generated. The bolt joint is tightened and slackened using a special torque wrench, which can be set sensitively with the aid of a threaded spindle. The main element of the unit is a slotted, elastically deformable steel block. By tightening the bolt joint, the slotted area is deformed, thereby generating an axial tension force in the bolt. By using an axial bearing, the head friction of the bolt can be largely excluded, so that only the friction of the threaded joint is measured.
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DC Power Supply DC 0 to 30V Variable DC Electronic Engineering Lab
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The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The temperature of cylinder is measured with the help of temperature sensor inserted in the center. The hot water bath is provided with a heater and is controlled by digital temperature controller. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature water bath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time and hence, heating of cylinder is under unsteady state heat transfer. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constant bath temperature.
Experimentation:
To calculate the heat transfer coefficient.
To calculate the Biot number, Fourier number.
The Pensky Martens Flash Point Apparatus allows for the determination of the flash point up to 370 °C of drying oils, fuel oils, lube oils, suspensions of solids, solvent-type waxes, liquids that tend to form a surface film and other liquids.
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The refrigeration circuitry includes a water cooled condenser complete with isolating valves, manual expansion valve, evaporator, variable area flowmeter for mass flow of refrigerant, filter/drier unit, sight glass and over pressure cut-out for unit protection. The unit is designed to use Tetrafluoroethane as the refrigerant with a twin cylinder reciprocating compressor, belt driven by the variable speed dynamometer.
The evaporator coil is mounted in an electrically stirred water/glycol mixture contained in a thermally insulated, stainless steel tank. The water/ glycol mixture is protected from over temperature conditions by a thermostat should the heater should be left on when the compressor is not circulating refrigerant. Heating of this water/glycol mix is infinitely variable enabling balanced experimental conditions over a wide range of temperatures to be obtained.
Experimental Capabilities:
Determine the Mechanical, Thermodynamic (Isentropic) and Volumetric efficiencies.
Estimate the rate at which heat is transferred to the system from the surrounding environment.
Determine the energy flows and coefficient of performance for given operating instructions.
Operate the refrigeration unit over a range of conditions.
Estimate the Heat Transfer Coefficient.
Compile an energy balance under light load and full load conditions.
Examine the behaviour refrigerating cycle under variable loads and speeds.
