Interchangeable measuring objects, partly transparent: angle seat valve, diaphragm valve, ball valve, Non-return valve, strainer, Pitot tube, Venturi nozzle, orifice plate flow meter and measuring nozzle
Trainer for fluid mechanics experiments
Tube manometer for measuring the differential pressure
Flow measurement using rotameter
Digital displays for pressure and differential pressure
Annular chambers allow precise measurement of pressure
Different pipe sections.
The apparatus comprises a clear acrylic mixing vessel mounted on a stainless steel base. Above this is mounted a variable speed electronic mixer with electronic torque measurement incorporated.
The rushton turbine impellor is a one piece stainless steel fabrication with eight alternate upwards and downwards pointing blades.
A set of pvc baffles can be fitted into the mixer with a simple screw mechanism to hold them in place. Under the stainless steel base is a storage compartment for the various small mixer components and the simple tools hexagonal keys required to change them. The larger mixer components are stored on pins behind the vessel.
The blades are simple to configure and position accurately in place using a single screw.
A propeller type stirrer is also included for comparison.
The flat blade impellor comes with six sizes of blade, each of which can be fitted in seven positions (vertical, plus 30/45/60 degrees leading and trailing edge).
Fluid Pressure Apparatus Spouting Cylinder
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The following experimental apparatus is included: instruments
Universal Hydrometer And Hydrometer Jars
Hook And Point Gauge
Mercury Barometer (Mercury Not Supplied)
Falling Sphere Viscometers
U-Tube Manometers
Bourdon Gauge
Free Surface Tubes
Deadweight Pressure Gauge Calibrator And Weights
Parallel Plate Capillary Apparatus
Pascal's Apparatus
Measuring Cylinder
Capillary Tube Apparatus
Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus
Thermometer
Lever Balance With Displacement Vessel, Bucket And Cylinder
Metacentric Height Apparatus
Stop Clock
Air Pump
600ml Beaker.
A clear understanding about the physical properties of fluids is essential before studying the behaviour of fluids in static or dynamic applications.
This apparatus introduces students to the following properties of fluids:
Capillarity - capillary elevation between flat plates and in circular tubes
Density and relative density (specific gravity)
Viscosity
Atmospheric pressure
Buoyancy (Archimedes principle).
Utilising the service unit the flow meters experiment rapidly mounts onto the multi functional work panel and is connected to the built-in water supply via quick connect couplings. Differential pressure reading is taken using a digital manometer against varying flow rates.
Combined with the Fluid Science Service Unit, the Fluid Science Flow Measurement Tray, provide shands on experimentation designed to demonstrate flow measurement and the relationship between velocity and pressure drop.
Thetray includes the following flow meters:
Orifice plate The use of anorifice plate to measure flow is demonstrated by measuring the pressure dropacross a defined orifice. The geometry of the orifice is in accordance with standard industrial orifice flow meters.
Venturi Meter : Used to demonstrate Bernoull is equation, showing how low pressure is generated in the throat of aventure tube, and how this is affected by flow. Thegeometry of the venturi orifice is in accordance with standard industrial venturi flow meters, so the use of a venturi to measure flow can also bedemonstrated. The flow recovery is also demonstrated by measuring the total pressure drop across the module.
The experiments are supplied with a highly visualuser-friendly operational guide, allowing the students to understand the theoryof the subject by the application of practical experimentation.
The high precision elements are supplied as modulartray-based systems which operate in conjunction with the Fluid Science serviceunit, multifunctional work panel and instrumentation enabling the student toconduct their own individual or group experiments.
The Fluid Science Inclined Manometer tray includesexperiments to measure small pressure differences and the effect of change inmanometer inclination.
The tray additionally includes a stepped manometerthat incorporates changes in cross section to demonstrate that the level of afree surface is not affected by the size or the shape of the tube.
The Fluid range is an innovative suite of productsdesigned to enable students to gain an understanding of the fundamentals ofFluid Mechanics and Thermo Fluids by the process of learning via hands-onexperimentation.
The Fluid Science range for Worldwide use, an innovative suite ofproducts designed to enable student to gain an understanding of thefundamentals of Fluid Mechanics and Thermo Fluids by the process of learningvia hands-on experimentation.
The range includes experimentsranging from simple flow measurements, losses in hydraulic circuits through tomore complex heat exchanger processes. The experiments are supplied with a highly visual user-friendly operational guide,allowing the students to understand the theory of the subject by th eapplication of practical experimentation.
The built-in safety features of the unitinclude a thermal cut out that prevents the hot water circuit exceeding 55cand a low voltage water resistant power supply unit. TheFluid Science Service Unit is designed to be used in conjunction with the fluidscience experiments. The unit incorporates a pump and rotameter to vary thewater flow rate and a heating system.
The high precision elements are supplied as modular tray-based systems whichoperate in conjunction with the Fluid Science service unit, multi functionalwork panel and instrumentation enabling the student to conduct their individualor group experiments.
Demonstrates the basic principles of hydrostatics and manometry
Single piezometer manometer tube, Scale length 460 mm
Inclined manometer with inclinations of 5o, 30o, 60o and 90o (vertical)
Includes vertical tube with variable cross section, Scale length 460 mm
Includes demonstrations of the following types of manometer:
Enlarged limb-manometer
'U' tube manometer (liquid over liquid), Scale length 460 mm
'U' tube manometer (air over liquid), Scale length 460 mm
Level measurement using Vernier hook and point gauge, Range 0 to 150 mm with 0.1 mm resolution
Allows the effect of friction to be demonstrated when fluid is in motion.
Inverted pressurized U tube manometer, Scale length 460 mm.
The Fluid Statics And Pressure Measurement equipment is designed for the study of static fluid and the measurement of pressures with different types of piezometric tubes and level measurement elements as graduated scales and level meter. One of these water columns has atilting system, so that students can clearly see the effect of the different possible inclinations. The tank and the in water columns have graduated scale for immediate and clear display of the water level that can be measured also by the water level supplied with this system. The equipment includes a transparent tank from where it is possible to pour water through valves and pipes and deliver it in the columns installed in the syst
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It consists of a transparent illuminated test chamber where the aerodynamic models are mounted and of a smoke generator. Fluid Threads Visualizer has been designed in order to visualize the fluid threads in a low-turbulence wind tunnel.
The Fluid Threads Visualizer unit is available in two versions:
Fluid threads visualizer with manual control
Fluid threads visualizer with motor control
Excellent barrier protection
Latex-free elastic wrists
Waist belt
Constructed of high-quality, fluid-resistant, tri-layer spunbond meltblown spunbond (SMS) material.
Adjustable ties at neck.
Fluidisation and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit takes place within a transparent chamber and the range of bed material supplied can be rapidly changed. Alternative locally sourced bed materials and air distributors can be easily utilised for student project work. The objective of the Fluidisation and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit is to investigate the gas flow through a fixed and fluidised bed and to measure the heat transfer rate and coefficients for comparison with convective heat transfer rates in air. Application of fluidised beds is more widespread in industry than is usually appreciated, covering such diverse fields as power generation to food processing.
Experimental Capabilities:
Measurement of air flow and pressure drop through a variety of granular materials, as packed and as fluidised beds.
Observation of the behaviour in a fluidised bed of a wide range of granular materials, from onset of fluidisation to entrainment.
Investigation of the effect of distributor design on bed behaviour.
Investigation of the effect of:
Depth of immersion particle size
Superficial velocity.
Wide range of materials can be dried from fine powder to slurries and pastes
Heat sensitive food stuffs may be dried
Compact and portable
Air drawn through mesh filter by centrifugal fan over a 2kw heater and through a stainless steel filter gauze
High rates of heat and mass transfer
Drying and residence times from a few seconds to a few minutes
Materials with moisture contents to over 80% may be dried
Ambient to 100°C drying air temperature range
Blower controller by a thyristor circuit
Readings displayed by digital meter
Manual or interval timing control 0 - 10 minutes
Wide range of materials can be processed
Processes other than drying investigated, e.g., mixing and blending of solids, size reduction, agglomeration and granulation, classification into sizes and cooling of particles
Temperature range: 20 - 100°C (±1°C)
Filter bag to retain stray particles
Power consumption: 3kw
Maximum sample weight: 5kg.
Investigation of fluidised bed formation of solids in air and water
Diaphragm compressor with compressed air accumulator for compressed air supply
Adjustment of flow rate for both media by valves and flow meter
2 transparent test tanks to observe fluidised bed formation in air/water
1 steel rule per tank to measure the change in height of the fluidised beds
1 manometer per tank to measure the pressure loss through each test tank
Storage tank with diaphragm pump for water supply
Both test tanks removable for filling.
Fluidization and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer Unit
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The Fluidization And Heat Transfer unit consists of a glass cylinder with a bottom chamber and a top assembly. The bottom chamber has as a built-in air distributor. The distributor can be replaced by a locally designed one for students and other investigations. Fluidization And Heat Transfer bench top equipment is for studying the behavior of a fluidized bed and heat transfer coefficient of a hot surface in a fluidized bed. The top assembly consists of an air filter and a heating element, temperature probes and a pressure probe. Compressed air from an outside source is supplied to the bottom chamber. The air fluidizes the bed material and escapes to the atmosphere through the top filter. A small air compressor is provided. The glass cylinder assembly is attached to a panel through the top assembly and can be easily removed and installed. The glass cylinder is partially filled with granular bed material. The air flow rate is measured by a rotameter. A water manometer measures pressure drop in the fluidized bed. The heating element and, temperature probes can move up and down at any position in the glass cylinder. Safety features include overheating and overpressure. A heating element is provided in the glass cylinder. Temperature probes are provided for measurement of heating element surface, fluidized bed and air inlet to the bottom chamber.
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The Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Unit Trainer is a reduced scale plant that mimics bed fluidization, catalyst circulation and regeneration. Working fluids are air, CO2 and water. CO2 is used as a tracer compound to show the separation of flow in the reactor and regeneration sections. Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Units are common unit operations in oil refineries. Visualization of the catalyst material uses small diameter spherical glass beads and a coloured desiccant to mimic the catalyst bed. Catalyst degradation is mimicked by a colour change of the desiccant beads in the reactor and is reverses during regeneration. The entire trainer is controlled from a DCS computer interface with purpose designed software and control configuration. This gives the student the opportunity to gain operating experience focusing on both the process and on control strategy. The process has instrumentation to provide for reactant flow rate control, product gas analysis, catalyst level control, temperature indication and control and differential pressure indication.
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Flumes have various models available, giving students a widechoice of experimentation in open channel flow. The flumes have a built-inre-circulating water supply connected to a digital flow metre for accuratemeasurements during experimentation. The 32-waypressure display connects for real-time data acquisition. Each is supplied withtwo level gauges and a Pitot tube, all of which mount onto and run along theinstrument rails at the top of the flume. Measurements from these instrumentscombined with the digital flow meter provide the potential for extensive analysisof open channel flow for research or advanced study. The Series channels are 300 mm in width, 450 mm in height,and are available in 2.5 metre, 5 metre, 7.5 metre, 10 metre, 12.5 metre and 15metre lengths. The flumes have pressure measurement tappingsat 0.25 metre intervals along the working section. These tappings can connecteither to a multi-tube manometer or to a 32-way pressure display. Bed-load transport can beinvestigated using the optional Sediment Loop. This ancillary provides a closedsediment circuit consisting of a sediment trap and feed mechanism which allowssand to be pumped from the trap to a feeder located above the working sectionbetween experiments. Screw jacks raise and lower thesupports inclining the channel as required. Thisgives smooth, uniform flow, free from entry effects. The digital inclinometer gives anaccurate display of the channel angle. A pump with a speed controller, forceswater up to the flow settling chamber at the upstream end of the channel.
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