Field and Detector Coils
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The imbalance of a rotating machine part may cause harmful vibrations in the entire machine. A familiar example is unbalanced tyres on a car. In rotating machines such as turbines or pumps, vibrations due to imbalance lead to comfort problems or even damage related to overloading. If this balancing is done not on a particular machine but directly on the machine in operation located on-site, it is known as field balancing. These cause annoying and unpleasant vibrations in the steering. This is why almost all rotating parts are balanced.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Measure and assess machine vibrations
Static, dynamic or general imbalance
Occurrence of imbalance vibrations
Field balancing in one plane
Field balancing in two planes
Dependence of imbalance vibration on position and magnitude of the imbalance
Basic principles of balancing
Using a computerised vibration analyser
Assessment of balancing quality.
Features:
Single and two-plane balancing
Measurement of imbalance vibrations.
Field Computer Hardware Component
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Figures Plates or Gauge Tags
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This product includes a rod and a circular plate to show the principles and use of simple harmonic motion theory in bifilar and trifilar pendulums. Filar Pendulums fits to the sturdy Test Frame for study or demonstration. Two suspension plates fix to the top of the Test Frame to hold the bifilar and trifilar pendulums
This product is part of a range that explores free vibrations in simple one degree of freedom systems.
It introduces students to key scientific terms such as:
Radius of gyration
Parallel axis theorem
Axis of rotation
Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and period of oscillation
Mass moment of inertia.
Features:
Supplied with lecturer guide and student guide
Union directives
Slide valves allow you to change the configuration of the controlled system. Filling Tank used to demonstrate the characteristics of the controller system. Also includes a set of 10 transparent sheets, with a graduated horizontal scale and with a vertical one, for a manual recording of the characteristics of the controlled system, suitable to the use of markers soluble in water. Includes plug in devices for the sensors used to measure the level of the liquid.
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The process of Dropwise Condensation is enhanced by the special water cooled condenser surface finish that prevents wetting of the surface. This continuous cleaning puts the water cooled surface in direct contact with the vapour. Condensation then occurs in droplets which grow and fall under gravity. These falling droplets wipe the surface clean ready for more droplets to form.
Vapour may condense onto a cooled surface in two distinct modes known as Filmwise and Dropwise. However it involves special surface finishes or treatment in order to maintain Dropwise Condensation and for this reason, though desirable, it seldom occurs in real plant operation. For the same temperature difference between the vapour and the surface, Dropwise Condensation is several more times effective than filmwise.
The film effectively acts as a resistance to heat transfer, as heat must be conducted through this film to the internal cooling water. The duplicate Filmwise Condenser is not specially treated and allows condensation to form as a film. This effectively grows and runs down the condenser gaining thickness as it falls.
Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit
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Film and Dropwise Equipment
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Heating and condensing takes place inside a partially filled glass vessel. A heater coil heats the water. The equipment heats and condenses water, and includes a separate control module with a digital display. For boiling heat transfer experiments, students adjust the current in a resistant wire heater element in the water. They note the free convection and the other stages. The temperature of the wire reaches significantly higher than 100 degree C. Students watch the boiling process and note the different boiling processes.
These include:
Film boiling unstable and stable, where a vapour blanket forms and heat transfer by radiation becomes important.
Sub cooled boiling where small bubbles form and rise.
Nucleate boiling where large bubbles form and rise.
A simple measure of whether the liquid is filterable is useful to enable assessment of filtration as an appropriate process, if so what type of pre-treatment and filter media are required. The use of deep beds of porous granular media to filter liquids to improve their clarity is widespread in municipal and industrial practice. Other liquids are filtered through granular media in the processing of beverages and food products for example. Predominant is the filtration of drinking water and industrial water, although the filtration of sewage as a tertiary stage of treatment is increasing. Although the normal methods of chemical and physical analysis such as suspended solids content, turbidity, color etc. may, with experience, indicate whether a suspension is filterable, they give no direct measure of this property.
The Filter ability Index Unit utilizes a bed of granular material, normally sand, which can be chosen by the investigator to suit his own purposes. The measurements taken with this apparatus enable a filter ability number to be calculated which has significance in deep bed filter performance.
A number of measures of filter ability have been proposed, using woven micromesh, lint pads or membrane filters, which have application where these materials represent, or are identical to, the filter media to be used. However none of them is representative of porous granular filter media, such as sand, consequently they are not applicable to deep bed filtration.
The Filter ability Index Unit is not intended for filter design purposes. That requires pilot filter column equipment such as the Deep Bed Filter Column. However preliminary assessment of pre-treatment processes, and possible filter media with the Filter ability Index Unit will reduce the amount of testing required with pilot filter columns.
Filterability Index Unit
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This board does not substitute the medical device under study. The results of the experiments have no medical value. In this course we will study the devices that allow the passage of biomedical signals with given characteristics, while attenuating those that do not comply with the required parameters. They are just for demonstration purposes
Theoretical topics of Filters
Main configurations of the 1st and 2nd order Filters
Filters applications in the biomedical instrumentation
Filtering of the biomedical signals
Filters used in the measurement of the EEG and of the EMGv
Types and characteristics of the Filters
Notch Filters.
A benchtop unit comprising a vacuum formed ABS plastic plinth with integral electrical console on to which is mounted the filtration system.
All electrical circuits are protected by appropriate protection devices.
The console contains a pump motor control and display panel.
A separate controller displays the filter inlet pressure and is used to control the pump speed. Another digital meter displays, via a selector switch, either outlet pressure, permeate pressure, temperature or optical absorbence.
A plate and frame batch filter (separation area 230cm²) is supplied as standard. Both constant flow rate and constant pressure operation are possible.
Feed flow rate can be varied between 0 and 130 l/hour.
An optional tangential flow hollow fiber micro filtration cartridge (plus pre-filter and shell and tube heat exchanger) can be fitted. The hollow fibre cartridge has a separation area of 110cm² and a cut-off of 0.2 µ-m.
Filtration Unit with Plate and Frame
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