The Flow Over Weirs is a kit containing two types of sharp crested weirs and a level gauge. The weirs have opening or sections at the top that allow flow; the Thomson weir with V-profile opening, the weir with rectangular profile opening. A sharp crested weir constricts an open channel flow, and helps in measuring flow rate using level gauge contained within the set.
The Flow over Weirs consists of five basic elements used in conjunction with the flow channel in the moulded bench top of the hydraulics bench.
A Vernier hook and point gauge is mounted on an instrument carrier, which is located on the side channels of the moulded top. The carrier may be moved along the channels to the required measurement position.
A quick release connector in the base of the channel is unscrewed and a delivery nozzle screwed in its place.
A stilling baffle locates into slots in the walls of the channel. The inlet nozzle and stilling baffle in combination promote smooth flow conditions in the channel.
The rectangular notch weir or Vee notch weir to be tested is clamped to the weir carrier in the channel by thumb nuts. The weir plates incorporate captive studs to aid assembly.
The self-contained unit can do many experiments, but it can also connect to other products in the range for extra experiments. For cascade control of flow and pressure, it can link to the optional Pressure Process Training System. The Flow Process Training System is a compact and mobile unit for a wide range of experiments in flow control. It gives students a greater understanding of the stability of simple control systems. For distributed control, it can connect to the optional Computer Control System. For cascade control of flow and level, it can link to the optional Level Process Training System.
The main parts are:
A gap-type (rotameter) flow meter
Fixed orifice and pressure transmitter
Industrial controller with auto-tune feature
Two-channel chart recorder
Three-speed pump
Pneumatic control valve
Reservoir.
The flow properties of a powder or bulk solid determine how it behaves during handling. A motor moves the shear cell relative to the lid in order to apply shear to the sample. For compaction (pre-shearing) the sample is subjected to a large normal force. In a ring shear tester, a bulk sample is contained in a ring-shaped shear cell. A normal force is exerted on the sample by way of a lid. A hanger from which a variable weight is suspended generates this normal force. For example, material may flow irregularly out of silos, or the flow of bulk solid may come to a stop. In order to avoid these problems in practice, soils can be designed on the basis of measurements using shear testers, such as the Jenike shear tester or a ring shear tester. From the shear force characteristics, properties such as the compressive strength and internal friction of the bulk solid can be determined. An electronically amplified force transducer measures the shear forces which are then recorded by data acquisition software over time. To determine the density of the bulk solid, the volume of the bulk sample is ascertained by recording the lowering of the lid using a vernier caliper gauge. After pre-shearing, shearing to failure is executed with a reduced normal force (strength measurement) and likewise recorded by the software.
....
A 90 degree bend of constant cross section has air blown through it from the Airflow System. When connected to a suitable multi-tube manometer the static pressure profile along the inner and outer radius of the bend may be measured at a range of air velocities. Along the inner and outer radius at strategic points, static pressure tapping points are located.
....
The oxygen flow splitter is a device intended to distribute medical oxygen from a source to multiple independent outlets. It can be connected to any low-pressure oxygen source, including concentrators, cylinders and a centralized system, and is suitable for tabletop or wall mounting.
Suitable for cleaning and disinfection with hospital-grade cleaning products.
Inlet port is DISS format.
6 mm barbed outlets.
Flow meter columns are transparent, clearly readable and graduated (metric system).
Equipped with five independent, Thorpe tube flow meters, to measure and regulate the flow of medical gas.
Inlet pressure up to at least 20 psi (138 kPa).
0-2 L/min, accuracy better than 10%, graduation 0.125 L/min or lower.
The module consists of two parts, a straight section Followed by a regular 90° elbow. The lower and lower are made of black acrylic plastic while the Sides are transparent. Multitube of The velocity of the air is measured by a Pitot tube, supplied With the bench, connected to the double pipe manometer inclined. Curves representing typical results Can be obtained are presented in the graph cidessus. The conduit measures 60 mm Height for 50 mm depth. Several measuring points are located both in the parts. The top and bottom of the elbow joint to Connection with multi-tube manometer, device Necessary for the use of this module. However, it can be used separately in Connecting to a suitable fan an air flow of about 500 liter / sec for 600 Pa and using the manometer. The appliance is designed for use on the basic air flow bench and connected by pipes Twisted to the experimental duct 'blown' at the exit of the fan.
Experimental Ability:
Study of the flow around the elbow fitting.
Comparison with theory and actual readings of Pressure coefficients as well as the pressure loss at Through the elbow.
Theoretical test on the effects of the boundary layer,Turbulence and on a single whirlwind.
Definition of the dimensionless pressure coefficient.
Calculation of the volumetric flow around the elbow ratio.
Calculation of the Bernoulli equation between the upstream sector Duct and any point in the reportelbow.
Trainer for studying the flow in packing layers
Closed water circuit with a pump and storage tank
Compressor for air supply
Water-air operation in parallel flow or counter flow
Water direction of flow can be reversed
Measurement of flow rate and pressure loss
Transparent DURAN glass packed column with interchangeable packed bed
Operation with water and/or air.
Glass Test Tank With Sintered Filter Medium On Its Base
2 Manometers With Differing Measuring Ranges To Measure Pressure Loss Through The Test Tank
Test Tank Removable For Filling
Investigation Of The Properties Of Fixed And Fluidised Beds Subjected To Liquid Flow
Steel rule to measure the height of the fixed or fluidised bed
Upward Flow To Investigate Fluidised Bed
Downward Flow To Investigate Fixed Beds
Flow Meter With Valve For Adjustment.
Flow velocity, water supply and water drain in sources/sinks as well as dosage of the contrast medium Can be adjusted by using valves
Visualisation of streamlines
Water as flowing medium and ink as contrast medium
Bottom plate with water connections for generating sources/sinks
Sources/sinks can be combined as required
Rubber plate for creating your own models included
Upper glass plate, hinged for interchanging models
Different drag bodies and changes in cross-section included.
The resulting smoke filaments clearly show streamlines around the test shapes.
A smoke generator generates a visual oil mist that is introduced into the airstream ahead of the test shape through a number of fine nozzles.
Ideal for small group experiments or classroom demonstrations, the apparatus is floor standing. A variablespeed fan mounted on top of the wind tunnel produces the air flow through the working section. Air flow is vertically upwards. A vertical, suction-type wind tunnel with smoke visualisation. Allows demonstrations and student investigations into the flow of air around a wide variety of differently shaped models. Smoke is produced by the vapourisation of a high-quality food grade oil. A filter helps provide uniform air flow. A smoke generator connects to a comb mounted in the wind tunnel below the working section. Students can move the comb from side to side to aid investigations into the aerodynamic properties of a test model.
Experiments:
When used with the optional models, the visualisation and demonstration of:
Separation
Rotational flow
Boundary layers
It can be fed from our Hydraulic Bench or from the mains and it allows, by making use of different weirs, to carry out experiments on the open channels. The Flow Visualization Mini Channel unit, made of transparent plexiglas, allows to study the behaviour of a water flow in a channel of small dimensions. An ink jet device allows to visualize the water flow around the models.
....
The air flow is generated using a blower. To obtain a flow with low turbulence, the air passes through a settling chamber, a fine sieve and a flow straightener. Smoke is used to make the stream lines visible. Flow Visualization Wind Tunnel- Engineering Lab Training Systems - The bench top unit contains a narrow flow chamber with viewing window in which the drag model is placed. The flow patterns can be clearly seen due to the black background of the flow chamber and additional lighting. The smoke is generated by vaporizing a glycol mixture and enters the tunnel via a manifold with a large number of outlet holes. They can be interchanged and have an adjustable angle of attack. Four different models (cylinder, orifice and two wing sections) are supplied.
....
Flow-Cytometer Analyzer
....
The Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus consists of a Venturi meter, variable area meter and orifice plate, installed in a series configuration to permit direct comparison. Pressure tappings are incorporated so that the head loss characteristics of each flow meter may be measured. Pressurisation of the manometers is facilitated by a hand pump. These tappings are connected to an eight tube manometer bank incorporating a manifold with air bleed valve. A flow control valve permits variation of the flow rate through the circuit.
The bench is used as the source of water supply and for calibrating volumetrically each flow meter. The circuit and manometer are attached to a support framework which stands on the working top of the Hydraulics Bench.
It is used to demonstrate dynamic automatic cycle display of transverse wave propagation; dynamic display cycles of transverse wave propagation; dynamic display of particle movement trend away from its balance place; static display of every frame waveform image and static double wave display.
....
A moveable pressure tapping and separate thermocouple allow the pressure and temperature within the bed at any depth to be measured. An adjustable cylindrical heater with surface thermo couple and power meter can be immersed at any level in, or out of the bed to allow measurement of the local heat transfer coefficient.
A glass cylindrical chamber with an air distribution plate at the bottom end allows the granular material supplied to be fluidized by a controlled and measured air flow.
A unit for the detailed study of fluid friction head losses which occur when an incompressible fluid flows through pipes, fittings and flow metering devices.
A substantial floor standing tubular steel frame supports test circuits comprising:
4 smooth-bore pipes of different diameters ranging from 4.5mm I.D. to 17.2mm I.D.
artificially roughened pipe
90o bends (large & small radii)
90o elbow
90o mitre
45o elbow, 45 Y, 90 T
Sudden Contraction
Sudden Enlargement
Globe Valve
Perspex Orifice Meter
Perspex Venturi
Gate Valve
Ball Valve
Inline Strainer
38 Tapping Points
Perspex Pipe Section With A Pitot Tube & Static Tapping.
The trainer includes a transparent tank with a pipe section connected as a drain. The initial pressure is kept constant by the overflow in the head tank. The pressure at six distributed measuring points on the pipe section can be measured on a multiple tube manometer. Terms such as the static pressure of a fluid at rest (hydrostatic pressure), static pressure of a flowing liquid or the pressure loss between two points can be demonstrated on this trainer.
....
