A stream of air is passed across the top of the capillary tube, with a stationary layer of air above the liquid surface, creating a partial pressure difference between the liquid surface and the flowing air stream. Measurement of how this phase boundary changes with time enables the molar mass transfer rate to be determined. As vapour diffuses from the liquid into the air stream, the amount of liquid in the tube reduces and the phase boundary between the liquid and the air drops.
A small quantity of the volatile liquid to be investigated is placed in a capillary tube, which is positioned in a heated metal block. The block is heated by an electric cartridge heater and kept at a constant temperature using an electronic control loop.
Bench-top unit.
Anodized aluminium structure and panels in painted steel. Main metallic elements in stainless steel.
High pressure control.
Coolant accumulation tank. Cooling filter. Tank of division of the cooling liquid.
Expansion valve.
Cooling compressor, computer controlled.
Water condenser.
Water evaporator.
4 Manometers.
2 Pressure sensors: Cooling pressure sensor (compressor outlet). Cooling pressure sensor (compressor inlet).
7 Temperature sensors:
3 Flow sensors: Cooling flow sensor. Water flow sensor (water condenser). Water flow sensor (water evaporator).
Enthalpy diagram of the refrigerant R134a.
Wattmeter.
The Central Lubrication Training recreates the real world environment with high-quality industrial central lubrication components operating in realistic applications with fault insertion capability in both the electrical and fluid components. Terminal strip test points are available at key locations to aid students in their troubleshooting process without damage to the equipment. Faults can be manually inserted throughout the system to provide students with real-world machinery lubrication troubleshooting experience. The Central Lubrication Training Central Lubrication Learning System teaches students the technical skills needed to operate, install, tune, maintain and troubleshoot these vital lubrication systems. The Central Lubrication Training includes a mobile workstation, pneumatic pump panel, series-progressive valve panel, fluid recovery panel, servicing package with hand pump, control center with micro-processor controller, student learning materials for both theory and lab, and teachers guide. Additional panels are available to extend the capability of the system. Central lubrication systems are used in almost every industry to provide preventative maintenance of central lubrication systems, by providing an automatic supply of lubrication to machine bearings and other devices needing lubrication. The mobile workstation consists of a sturdy welded-steel frame with interchangeable panels to permit other central lubrication systems to be operated on the workstation. These include: electric motor-driven pump, piston distributor valves, spindle lubrication, dual-line, and zoned.
Features:
Fault Insertion in fluid and electrical devices
Mobile Workstation
Interchangeable Component Panels
Heavy Duty Industrial Style Components
Steel Tubing Conductors
Student Reference Guide
Optional Online eBooks.
The Fluidization And Heat Transfer unit consists of a glass cylinder with a bottom chamber and a top assembly. The bottom chamber has as a built-in air distributor. The distributor can be replaced by a locally designed one for students and other investigations. Fluidization And Heat Transfer bench top equipment is for studying the behavior of a fluidized bed and heat transfer coefficient of a hot surface in a fluidized bed. The top assembly consists of an air filter and a heating element, temperature probes and a pressure probe. Compressed air from an outside source is supplied to the bottom chamber. The air fluidizes the bed material and escapes to the atmosphere through the top filter. A small air compressor is provided. The glass cylinder assembly is attached to a panel through the top assembly and can be easily removed and installed. The glass cylinder is partially filled with granular bed material. The air flow rate is measured by a rotameter. A water manometer measures pressure drop in the fluidized bed. The heating element and, temperature probes can move up and down at any position in the glass cylinder. Safety features include overheating and overpressure. A heating element is provided in the glass cylinder. Temperature probes are provided for measurement of heating element surface, fluidized bed and air inlet to the bottom chamber.
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The refrigerant is Freon R134a (HFC), CFC free, and the unit includes the measuring instrumentsthat are necessary to monitor operating parameters and to test the refrigerator circuit. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm clamp, and a vertical frame, where the maincomponents of the unit and a screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The Trainer on Domestic Refrigerators with Two Evaporators and Open Type Compressor with Fault Simulation allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal domestic refrigerators withfreezer compartment, fitted with two parallel evaporators, one with positive temperature, one with negative temperature andan open-type compressor.
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The transmission can be turned easily and the gears can bechanged by hand or compressed air. The shift lock is functional. Thetransmission is mounted on at able stand. The function of the clutch can be demonstrated by pressing the disks together.
Cutaway are:
Transmission case
Oil cooler
Wet clutch
Timing case
Parking mechanism
Oil filter.
The main board can provide multi external circuit modules so as to meet all the experiment and development requirements. EDA SOPC Innovative Training Kit is a classical, high quality EDA SOPC platform for training and development.
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The upper edge of the funnel is smooth and reinforced, and the outflow orifice is equipped of an open able seal valve. V Funnel stainless steel made, having 10 liters capacity stand mounted.
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Features:
For Press Fitting and Pulling Bearing
4-Position Plate
High Quality Steel Body Design.
Single or three phase inductive step variable load.
Max. Voltage: 220/380 V/Y
Max. Power: 3 x 300 VAR.
The air conditioning and ventilation system includes a filter element, a fan with controlled speed, a direct evaporator as air cooler, an electric air heater and humidification by steam humidifier. The experimental setup represents a real air conditioning and ventilation system. The system capacity is sufficient to climatise a laboratory room. The air conditioning controller controls the temperature and air humidity independent of each other. The following functions are possible: heating / cooling and humdifiying / dehumidifying. For this purpose the active components can be run either manually individually or via a central PLC air conditioning controller in automatic operation. Pressure losses can be measured at each section of the duct. Via time programs, operation is possible dependent on the time of the day or the day of the week, as in reality.
Learning objectives/experiments:
Explanation of components: filter, air heater, air cooler, humidifier, condensing unit, air conditioning controller, flaps, outlets
Operation of safety devices
Investigation of the control behaviour of an automatic air conditioning controller, determination of limiting factors
Practice-oriented principles of air conditioning and ventilation technology
Design and servicing of an air conditioning and ventilation system
Principles of room air conditioning (h-x diagram)
Measurement of pressure curve and pressure losses
Effect of air cooler, air heater and humidifier on the state of the air at the outlet.
A solution flows, by falling, into mixing tank where also a noise solution is sent by falling from tank called Noise. Thanks to solenoid valves and and manual valves and the control the two flows is achieved, and measured directly by means of flow meters and. The purpose of the process is to control the pH of a solution initially held in tank called Main. Stirrer allows to get homogeneous solutions inside process tank. The pH of the solution present in mixing tank is measured by means of probe converted into electrical signal and supplied to electrical unit by means of signal transmitter. From sampling tank it is possible to take a sample of the controlled solution held in tank in order to measure the pH with other gauges.
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Flocculation tank with 3 chambers and 4 stirring machines
3 metering pumps for chemicals
Precipitation and flocculation of dissolved substances (e.g. Iron)
Measurement of flow rate, temperature and ph value
Control of the ph value in the precipitation tank
Sedimentation of the flocs in the lamella separator
Separate supply unit with tank and pump for raw water
Precipitation tank with stirring machine
Conductivity meter.
An industrial PLC with RS485 and RS232 serial communications
Rear panel connectors for six analogue inputs, two analogue outputs, eight digital inputs and eight digital outputs
Ladder logic software is provided on disk
Front panel connections for two digital inputs, two digital outputs, two analogue inputs, two analogue outputs, two voltage sources and one voltmeter.
Triple Epicyclic Gear Train mechanism demonstrates relative angular motion in degrees between four shafts with common axis using three epicyclic trains to produce two forward speeds and a reverse.
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These bars can form several plane truss structures with different angles between bars.
Maximum bar force: 200 N
The unit includes:Anodized aluminum frame.
Demonstrates Equilibrium Of Forces At A Point, Applied To Various Points Round A
Disc Or Acting On A Rectangular Lamina
Concurrent & Non-concurrent coplanar forces
Effective Teaching
Self-Contained, Bench Mounted
Practical Verification Of Triangle Of Forces, Polygon Of Forces And Link Polygon
Direct Measurement Of Forces
Adjustable Lines Of Action Of Forces.
Experiments
Determination of the specific speed of the fan Essential Base Unit
Performance of a centrifugal fan
Universal Dynamometer
Variation of fan performance with type of impeller
Variation of fan performance with speed
Non-dimensional performance curves.
Recommended Ancillaries:
Pipe Flow and Nozzle Kit
VDAS-F (frame mounted version of the Versatile Data Acquisition System).
Experiments:
The relationship between the vertical and horizontal deflections and the principal moments of area of each section.
The shear centre of various asymmetrical sections.
Horizontal and vertical deflection of different asymmetrical sections at various angles.
Horizontal and vertical deflection of different asymmetrical sections under various loads.
Area Moment Method is to be used with Universal Structural Frame. The Area Moment Method equipment is used for verification of the deflections and slopes of a beam by area-moment method. The arm rotation is monitored by a dial indicator. The moment is applied and measured by load on the rotating arm. The beam deflection is measured by a dial indicator. The beam has two moment supports with a knife edge. The support allows longitudinal travel of the beam. Each support has a rotating arm.
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