Continuous flow reactors are common unit operations in chemical processing plants. Chemical Reactor Process Trainer with PLC is a reduced scale plant that demonstrates continuous flow, exothermic chemical reaction. They are found throughout the petroleum, petrochemical and numerous other industries.
Reactants are hydrocarbon fuel and atmospheric oxygen; products are combustion flue gasses
The entire trainer is controlled from a DCS or PLC computer interface with custom designed software and control configuration.
The process has instrumentation to provide for reactant flow rate control, product gas analysis, temperature and pressure indication and an interlocking safety system.
This gives the student the opportunity to gain real operating experience focusing on both the process of exothermic chemical reactions and on control strategy.
Objectives:
Impact of varying operating conditions of reactant flow, excess or limiting reactants and residence time
Control experience on a Programmable Logic Controller
Continuous flow reactor operation and measurement
Process control concepts for manual and automatic operation
Material balances
Equipment start-up and operating procedures.
The column is supplied filled with glass Rasching rings 9x9 mm, and also supplied with polypropylene Pall rings, for the replacement of the glass Rasching rings in order to be able to study the effect of the filler on the efficiency of the absorption and desorption process. The main element of the Absorption Desorption trainer is a column of 1400 mm. height and 80 mm in diameter made in glass. The plant has pressure taps at the bottom and at the top of the column and two intermediate taps, through quick couplings connected to a water column differential manometer that allows determining the pressure drop within the column and the effects of the speeds of the liquid and of the gas on the pressure drop within the column. In both cases, the column filling maximizes the gas liquid contact surface, so that it produces the maximum possible absorption or desorption.
The Absorption Desorption plant also has three intermediate samplers for sampling both the liquid phase and the gas phase and 4 temperature probes with digital display. In a flow meter positioned on the liquid inlet line can be displayed the liquid inflow. This flow meter is made of borosilicate glass and stainless steel with stainless steel float. The liquid is introduced through the top of the column through liquid diffuser, which permits the dispersion of the liquid and thus a better distribution of the fluid within the column. The liquid phase is stored in a tank of about 30 liters of capacity made of polyethylene. Water or absorption liquid is led into the reaction column through a metering pump, which allows setting the incoming water flow to the column.
The Internal Combustion Engine Test Bench is supplied with a complete computer system, which streamlines the test work. The Internal Combustion Engine Test Bench system is designed for the study and the understanding of the four stroke gasoline combustion engine.
Training Objectives:
Motor characteristic curves:
Torque - Rotational speed.
Air/fuel ratio - Rotational speed.
Specific fuel consumption Speed of rotation.
Brake horsepower - speed of rotation.
Temperature - Rotational speed.
A network of this kind can be quite extensive; line lengths of as much as 1000 metres and more are possible. This experimental unit is used to teach the initial basic steps in field bus technology based on the example of Profibus DP. Various terminal devices (slaves) are activated and read by a PC with a Profibus DP interface (master). Field bus technology plays a key role in modern-day process automation. The field bus permits networking of terminal devices such as controllers, sensors or actuators in the plant system (field level) with the higher-level control room (control level). The experimental unit includes a digital controller as well as analogue and digital input and output modules with a Profibus DP interface. A digital voltmeter displays the output signals. Digital signals are generated by switches and displayed by LEDs. Two potentiometers permit the simulation of input signals for the controllers.
....
A benchtop unit comprising a vacuum formed ABS plastic plinth with integral electrical console on to which is mounted the filtration system.
All electrical circuits are protected by appropriate protection devices.
The console contains a pump motor control and display panel.
A separate controller displays the filter inlet pressure and is used to control the pump speed. Another digital meter displays, via a selector switch, either outlet pressure, permeate pressure, temperature or optical absorbence.
A plate and frame batch filter (separation area 230cm²) is supplied as standard. Both constant flow rate and constant pressure operation are possible.
Feed flow rate can be varied between 0 and 130 l/hour.
An optional tangential flow hollow fiber micro filtration cartridge (plus pre-filter and shell and tube heat exchanger) can be fitted. The hollow fibre cartridge has a separation area of 110cm² and a cut-off of 0.2 µ-m.
The Service Module is the core of the range. An electrically operated valve opens to let water in to fill the tank. The tank has protection in case of over temperature, low water level and overfilling. All fluid connections to the optional heat exchangers are self-sealing quick connectors for safety and simplicity. The hot and cold fluid streams have different connectors to reduce errors. The services modules hot water system includes a tank with a PID controlled electric heater, a pump and tank level indicators. It provides hot and cold water to the heat exchangers and all the instruments needed to measure their performance. The hot water system gives stable flow rates and temperatures.
....
Peristaltic Pump Learning System versatile pump keeps fluid uncontaminated as it moves through the system by utilizing a tubing system that prevents direct contact with the pumps working parts. The Peristaltic Pump Learning System also discusses peristaltic pump components, how to reduce pulsation, how to calculate and adjust the flow rate, and how to select proper tube sizes. The Peristaltic Pump Learning System covers the function, operation, and maintenance of peristaltic pumps, which are used in a variety of applications within the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries. As an example, peristaltic pumps are used to filter and circulate blood throughout the body during heart surgery.
The Peristaltic Pump Learning System industrial-grade components are the same as those used in the field, so learners will gain experience and practice on actual, real-world mechanisms. The Peristaltic Pump Learning System features a foot-mounted peristaltic pump with polycarbonate housing and steel pump head, a maintenance key tool, and a piping network. Once completed, learners can proceed to additional pumps like the Piston Pump and the Gear Pump. Gear pumps transfer fluids under pressure and are used in hydraulic systems, pressure washing, and liquid recirculation. Piston pumps are used in water, soap, and detergent applications to produce high pressure fluid flow.
Features:
Industrial Quality Peristaltic Pump
Quick Connect Piping Connections
Mounting Compatible with Workstation.
The fully instrumented equipment allows to study the concentration at atmospheric pressure or under various vacuum levels as well as to produce small quantities of concentrate to be utilized in the laboratory.
....
Domestic Conditioning Trainer allows to study the split type conditioners with inverter. The system is supplied complete with technical manual and experiments. It enables thestudent to acquire a good knowledge and practice with the main components of this kind of equipment.
....
The simplest type of sedimentation is the settling of a dilute suspension of particles which have little or no tendency to flocculate. In these circumstances, the prediction of clarification rates and their scale-up to plant design is relatively straightforward.
Sedimentation is a process used widely in the clarification of water and waste water. Particles settle from suspension in different ways, depending on the concentration of the suspension and the characteristics of the particles.
Information from batch tests for such systems forms a vital part of the search for the optimum design and operation of industrial sedimentation tanks. The Sedimentation Studies Apparatus allows demonstration of these different characteristics for any chosen sediment/water system. For higher concentrations where inter-particle effects become significant and where agglomeration may take place, different regimes of settling rate occur, known as 'zone' settling A.
Five equal sized glass cylinders are mounted vertically on a backboard incorporating measuring scales. Solutions containing different amounts of suspension can be placed in the cylinders and the differences in sedimentation rate observed by measuring the changes in height of the various solid/liquid interfaces with respect to time. Each of the cylinders may be removed from the board for washing, filling and mixing of the solid particles.
The whole apparatus is bench-mounted and provided with back lighting. An accurate balance (not supplied) is required for weighing the solids.
The equipment includes the following accessories necessary for a self-contained facility: stop clock, three plastic beakers of 2 litre capacity, specific gravity bottle.
The new generation of generators has the following characteristics:
Stator with stator winding
Ventilation by internal blower wheels
Rotor with windings and commutator rings
Regulator with power and exciter diodes.
It makes the automobile maintenance process more convenient and smooth. It's an automobile maintenance equipment using for auxiliary disassembly and assembly for automobile tires in vehicle maintenance.
Features:
Vertical and horizontal arms with pneumatic dual locking device.
Tool box under the pole
Slide with step function
Self-centering device.
Pole is tilt-able.
The specimens are submitted to hydrostatic stress for a pre-set period. The water permeated through the test specimen is directly collected and measured into a graduated cylinder. It is therefore possible to determine the permeability coefficient in cm/sec. by the attached formula. The equipment consists of a strong metallic frame holding four cells which are hot-galvanized for anti-corrosion protection. Automatic Concrete Water Permeability Apparatus At Four Cells fully automatic apparatus is designed to carry out water permeability tests on cubic concrete specimens max.150 mm side and cylinder specimens max.160 mm diameter. Each cell includes a pressure control manometer.
....
4.5 ft 6 ft 8 ft
mm / inch mm / inch mm / inch
Length of bed: 1370/54 1825/72 2435/96
Width of bed: 215/81/2m 215/8 54 215/81/2
Height of centres: 165/61/2m 203/8 203/8
Admit between centres: 760 / 30 1220 / 48 1830 / 72
Approx.Spindle speed (RPM): 700/1400/2800 700/1400/2800 700/1400/2800
Faceplate diameter: 190 / 7 1/2 m 190 / 7 1/2 190 / 7 1/2
Power required HP/RPM: 1 / 1440 1 / 1440 1 / 1440
The Portable PLC Programming Operation uses unique electronic fault insertion, to teach PLC troubleshooting skills, such as PLC input and output testing, software testing, and application troubleshooting. The Portable PLC Programming Operation PLC Troubleshooting Learning System provides comprehensive curriculum and a cutting-edge workstation to teach PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) programming, operation, and applications used in industry. The Portable PLC Programming Operation comes with a mobile carrying case, workstation mounting panel, master control relay circuit, software, a Panel View Plus terminal, an Ethernet Switch, I/O Simulator, five application circuits, student curriculum, instructor's assessment guide, and installation guide. Learners will study the industry-relevant application and PLC system troubleshooting skills that are so needed in today's workplace. Learners study both basic and advanced applications using Plus, and networking throughout the curriculum.
Features:
Mobile training platform that can be used to deliver training at multiple facilities or for convenient storage
Teaches PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) programming, operation, and applications used in industry
Uses unique electronic fault insertion, to teach PLC troubleshooting skills.
Lobe pumps are used for delivering highly viscous and highly abrasive media. In a lobe pump two non-contact pistons rotate in two cylindrical chambers. In contrast to rotodynamic pumps, a positive displacement pump moves the medium by means of closed conveying chambers. With each revolution, they deliver the same volume.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics, operating point.
Industrial type components are educationally adapted byusing a modular panel system to permit the step by step assembling from thesimplest circuit to the most complex system. This laboratory is designed for the study of the lightingplants and to allow the student a practical training, based on the performanceof guided experiments. The configuration allows theperforming of the following exercises:
Double Pushbutton
Brightness Control
Dimmer
IT TX/RX.
Multimedia learning software as an accessory to assembly projects
Simple operation with user interfaces similar to MS Windows
Editable drawings and parts lists
Access to parts lists and drawings.
Password-protected configuration files.
The water being the heaviest in gravity stays at the bottom while the oil floats on top and the gas occupies the void space in the vessel. A combination of refined oil, water and air enters the vessel, the flow is directed to the spherical end of the vessel where primary separation occurs and then flows through the vessel where it meets the coalescer. At the secondary separating section, the fluids are allowed to slow down and separate by gravity.
External Capabilities:
Learn basic principles of control and operation of a three-phase separator
Evaluation of emulsion chemistry possible (stable & unstable emulsion)
Effect of water-oil ratio on residence time
Effect of varying operating conditions on separation
Effect of continuous-phase medium on droplet size and separation
Variation of water cut to show the effect on separation and residence time
Effect of flow rate on emulsion formation
The effect of density difference on separation
Effect of step change on overall process
Effect of gravity separation on small SG.
Oldham Coupling mechanism demonstrates relative angular motion in degrees between two shafts with parallel but displaced axes.
....
