A small-scale accessory that allows experimental investigation of linear heat conduction and the measurement of the thermal conductivity of various solid conductors and insulators.
The hot end uses a nominal 65W heater (operating at 240v maximum), which is fitted with a high temperature limit switch. The power supplied to the heater is controlled and measured by the Heat Transfer Service Unit .
The cold section is of identical dimensions to the hot end and is water-cooled. Both the heated and cooled ends are each fitted with three thermo couples at 15mm intervals to measure the temperature gradients along the bars.
An insulated, 25mm diameter brass heated section and cooling section that may be either clamped together, or assembled with one of four insulated intermediate sections or test specimens between the interfaces.
Experimental Capability:
Whirling of a shaft with concentrated masses
Whirling of a continuous shaft
Whirling of a long thin shaft supported at its ends.
Whirling of a shaft with intermediate nodes
Features:
Precision electronic tachometer
Three steel specimen shafts
Four variable position bearing housings provide nodal points
Infinitely variable control shaft speed
Three guard rings to limit whirling deflection.
Self sealing quick release connections enable rapid connection to and conversion from parallel to counter current flow. An extended version with 3 pairs of intermediate points and a total of 10 thermocouples is also available.
A clear acrylic tube containing cold water surrounds an inner stainless steel tube in which the hot water flows. Six thermocouples measure hot and cold inlet, mid-point and exit temperatures. Total heat transfer area of approximately 24000mm2.
The components are clearly but compactly arranged in a manner similar to that used for many domestic air-water heat pumps and all are visible from the front of the unit.
The Water Water Heat Pump consists of a hermetic compressor, an efficient plate heat exchanger condenser and evaporator, a liquid receiver, a thermostatically controlled expansion valve.
The operating cycle is as follows:
Slightly superheated Refrigerant vapour enters the compressor from the evaporator and Water Water Heat Pump pressure is increased. Heat is given up to the cooling water and the refrigerant condenses to a liquid before passing to the liquid receiver and then the expansion valve. This brings about a rise in temperature and the hot vapour enters the water cooled plate condenser.
A U section, L section and rectangular beam cantilever is horizontally supported within a rotating clamp which fits in a substantial frame attached to the Universal Frame and Stand The rotating clamp enables the loading and deflection planes to be set relative to the cross section axes. Experiment investigating the Unsymmetrical Bending And Shear Centre Apparatus of different sectioned beams when the loading is not in the plane of a principal axis. A protractor scale is fitted to the substantial block and a pointer on the specimen references against this scale.
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The apparatus consists of a sturdy tubular steel frame on which is carried a counter shaft mounted in ball bearings having an overhung mandrel at the front. The Journal Friction Apparatus is the basic item in the Hydrodynamic Lubrication Unit which enables the friction in a journal bearing to be measured under various conditions of load and speed, including boundary lubrication conditions, and the comparison of the results with the friction torque predicted by the Petroff equation. The bearing system, which is to be the subject of the investigation, is assembled around the mandrel. The shaft is driven by a variable speed DC motor via a toothed belt and pulleys.
Features:
Uses automotive thin wall main bearing shells of various widths.
Variable speeds up to 1000 rev/min.
Horizontal 50 mm shaft and journal bearing;.
Three alternative shaft sleeves provide variable bearing clearance.
Air cylinder driven reciprocating oil pump and accumulator.
High quality oil filtration and pressure regulation.
Indication of oil film thickness and detection of metal to metal contact based on electrical resistance between journal and housing.
Radial loading of the bearing of up to 500N is applied vertically by weights via an hydrostatic pad.
Direct measurement of bearing friction torque.
Instrumented for oil pressure and temperature, and drive motor current.
The apparatus consists of a turntable carrying two pairs of masses mounted on radius rods and linkage so that the centripetal force is measured using direct weighing by masses placed on the central carrier. Centripetal Force Apparatus permits accurate determinations of the relationship between force, mass radius and angular velocity of a rotating body. A similar pair of radius rods beneath the turntable compensate for any force due to the rods themselves. The masses, which may be separated to show the effect of equivalent mass, may be fixed at any radius from 75 mm to 250 mm along the graduated radius rods. One or more of the masses may be removed. For experimental work the mass, radius and angular velocity may be varied.
Features:
Precision electronic tachometer
Variable speed electric drive
Counter balanced operating linkage.
Study of the heat transfer under counter-current and co-current flow conditions.
Flow influence on the heat transfer. Reynolds number calculation.
Global energy balance in the heat exchanger and the study of losses.
Exchanger effectiveness determination.
The standard equipment to Specification and comprises hydraulic extraction unit 100 kN capacity with pump, precision manometer 0-100kN, bearing ring, 10 steel discs 25 mm dia. carrying cases. Used to evaluate the concrete resistance as per the strength applied to extract a disc embedded into concrete.
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The apparatus is elaborately equipped for a wide range of investigations into both linear and angular motion. This all metal system consists of a steel guided plane, 180 cm long, machined from a stiff girder section with a V groove and flat for guiding. Fletcher Trolley apparatus is manufactured to the well known sturdy design. The centre is slotted for the Rolling Disc experiment. Slope is controlled by an adjusting screw and measured on a scale. Two trolleys are provided, equipped with buffers and spear and plug for interlocking. Supplied complete with trolley masses, double set of slotted weights and hangers, balanced rolling disc and axle, rolling balls, 2 vibrating arms, packing block, paper rolls, ink and brushes. A pair of echelon pulleys is provided at either end and there are two bridges adjustable for position along the length of the plane.
Features:
Swinging arm available for angular momentum experiments
Accurate and repeatable results
Two trolley system
Weights and consumables included.
The heat extracted is transferred to the hot reservoir, together with heat generated by the electrical supply to the peltier device. This heat is removed by a water-cooled heat exchanger. The flow rates can be adjusted to provide a range of operating temperatures. By varying the electric power into the system, the behaviour of the system at different operating points and temperatures can be established. The thermo-electric Peltier device is positioned in a heat transfer path, between two copper blocks, extracts heat from one block (cold reservoir) and transfers it to the other block (hot reservoir). In order to measure the heat transfer rate, the cold reservoir is fitted with an electric heater.
Instrumentation is provided to measure the temperatures of the blocks, the electric power supplied to the Peltier device, the cooling water flow rate and the cooling water temperature rise.
The Peltier device can also be used to generate a small quantity of electric power when a temperature difference is applied. This effect can also be demonstrated. The heater power is measured , and so it is possible to establish a complete energy balance for the system.
The Hydraulic Power Unit supplies hydraulic fluid to hydraulic learning systems including Basic Hydraulic System, Hydraulic Mechanic System, Electro-hydraulic Servo System, and the Combination Hydraulic Electric Servo System. This unit provides a minimum of 2.5 gpm flow at a maximum pressure to 500 PSI/ 3450 kPa.
Features:
Suction filter, strainer type
Pressure Gauge, 2 in. size, 0-1000 PSI, liquid filled, with safety relief
Electric motor starter, with start and stop push buttons
Oil level gauge with temperature gauge
Relief valve, pilot-operated, cartridge type
Filler-Breather cap
Power cord, grounded
Return Hose
Supply Hose
Pump, fixed gear type
Reservoir, 5 gal/19 Liters, welded square.
The plane carries a free running pulley at one end and at the other end is hinged to the base plate. Consisting mostly of metal construction with a machine ground steel plane. The angle is displayed on a Clinometer Protractor on the front face of the plane. Eight sliding surfaces are supplied on opposite faces of 10 cm x 10 cm pads having a total mass of 1 Kg each. Two vertical pillars located either side of the plane carry a cross bar which can be positioned at various levels by set screws to tilt the plane. Certain materials are provided on both half area and full area of the pads. Other surfaces include steel, glass, aluminium and PVC. A knurled screw permits fine adjustment of the angle of the plane which has a maximum value of 45º. Additional loads of 2 x 1 Kg each and 1 x 500 gm together with 1 Kg weight carrier are also provided.
Applications:
Frictional effects of an inclined plane
Measures coefficient of friction between steel and various materials
Experiments of moving and static bodies.
Features:
Eight sliding surfaces of various engineering materials
Clinometer measurement for fine adjustment of plane angle
Various load masses.
The Pin Jointed Frameworks Apparatus mount onto two end supports. One support has a pivoting arrangement whilst the other has pivoting and rolling arrangement. Each framework member has a strain gauge arrangement attached. The signal from the loading mechanism and strain gauges is fed directly into the Interface. The loads on the Pin Jointed Frameworks Apparatus are applied at known joints by using the screwjack loading mechanism supplied.
The Pin Jointed Frameworks Apparatus enables students to assemble two Pin-Jointed Frameworks (warren and basic roof truss) to measure the strains (hence stresses) and joint deflections. Each member of the framework can be easily interconnected with each other by use of simple joints that are designed to create a truly pin joint.
The unit also includes a vibrating arm to enable traces to be drawn on a paper strip positioned on the circumference of the flywheel. Energy of Flywheel apparatus is an extremely robust and versatile unit comprising of the main flywheel, the mass of which can be varied by adding and removing two rings and one disc, and mounted on a heavy duty stand suitable for mounting. The assembly, of overall dimensions 450 mm long by 400 mm wide by 360 mm high, is supplied complete with paper roll, bottle of ink, spare vibrator brush, ink feed brush and length of cord, but without masses and hanger. The fully assembled flywheel, which measures 300 mm in diameter and is 75 mm wide, is fitted with a special antifriction bearing.
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It consists of support rod, single pulley, desk-side clamp, and small iron ring and nylon wire. It is used to prove that the standing pulley can’t save effort but can change direction; the movable pulley can save half of effort but can’t change direction of force. The height of support rod is adjustable.
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The unit is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the unit, the installation and utilization procedures, as well as many exercises with experimental results. The Computerized Air Water Heat Transfer Apparatus allows to perform several experiments relevant to the thermal exchange phenomena connected to convection and conduction and some interesting experiments on fluid dynamics. Moreover, the transducers and the dedicated software allows the data acquisition of the main thermodynamics quantities and to obtain or as a table or as a graph, the acquired values and the thermodynamic calculated quantities. In particular, it is possible to study the thermal exchange between a gas (air) and a liquid (water) and the thermal exchange between an air flow rate in a forced motion and a wall at different temperature.
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The drive unit consists essentially of an oscillator and a power amplifier designed to provide a sine wave power output suitable for driving the vibration generator. Comprises a drive unit and vibration generator with experimental accessories.
Features:
Demonstration of Hookes Law applied to a spring
Demonstration of Simple Harmonic Motion of a free body
Vibration of a Double Cantilever Beam
Vibration of a Spring Mass System.
The product is composed of three base,two biconvex lens,one biconcave lens, three supporting rod, white screen, ground glass, frosted glass screen in, light source, and so on.
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A small-scale Tubular Heat Exchanger system for use with an Heat Exchange Service Unit to teach the fundamental concepts of heat exchangers.
A comprehensive instruction manual is included.
Comprises a number of sections of concentric tubes, the outer section constructed from clear acrylic for visibility and the inner tube from stainless steel.
The tubes are easily dismantled for cleaning.
