The measurement of temperature is fundamental to almost every branch of engineering and science. Up to nine different methods of Temperature Measurement Methods and Calibration Unit are included and students undertake detailed experiments to compare not only accuracy but also the way in which the instruments work. The Temperature Measurement Methods and Calibration Unit enables students to investigate the many different methods of measuring temperature and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the various sensor and indicator types. The operation of platinum resistance temperature sensors and their importance in the International Temperature Scale are investigated.
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The equipment consists ofa vertical panel that holds a clear plastic quadrant, to which students addwater. The quadrant has engraved lines to help students keep the plane in avertical or angled position. The cylindrical sides of the quadrant have theircentral axis coincidental with the moment measurement axis. This product allows students to measure the moment due tothe fluid (hydrostatic) thrust on a fully or partially submerged plane. The plane works in either a vertical or inclined (angled) position. Students thencompare their measurements with theoretical analysis. The total fluid pressures on these curved surfaces therefore exert no moment about this pivot.Therefore, the moment is only due to the fluid pressure on the plane testsurface. Students measure this moment using weights suspended from a level arm. A scale on the panel of the apparatus shows the head of water. They then initially balance the quadrant tank using one of the weighthangers and the smaller trimming tank. They take results by balancingincremental weights on the hanger with known quantities of water. To performexperiments, students level the apparatus using its levelling feet and spirit(bubble) level. They decide whether to test either a vertical or inclinedplane. Students note the relationship between the moment and the water height(h). They then usethe results to calculate the equivalent moment of force (M) or hydrostaticthrust.
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A unit designed to obtain catchment rainfall and runoff values as functions of time.
A motor driven traversing vessel with seventeen compartments is moved by timer beneath the outlet at a preselected rate to collect the runoff and provide an immediate display of the hydrograph.
Comprising a bench- or floor-standing tank with two overhead square pattern spray nozzles supplying water via a flow control valve, flow meter and solenoid valve.
The flow range is 0.4 to 4.4 litres/minute.
A comprehensive user manual is included in the supply.
The tank is 1.2m in length x 0.8m wide x 0.2m deep.
There are several ways to control the speed of an induction motor and the best way would be to have a variable frequency AC drive. The asynchronous motor represents the most important and simple case in the area of poly phase machines and it is the most widespread for industrial applications as food, chemical, metallurgical industries, paper factories or water treatment and extractive systems. The speed control can be achieved also through a manual control of a potentiometer with or without acceleration and deceleration ramps. The speed will be a little slower than the applied frequency but fairly close and to obtain an exact speed a feedback loop is provided with the bench to measure the rotating frequency and to adjust the variable frequency AC drive maintaining that speed as the motor speed will decrease a bit due to an electromagnetic brake acting as a load. The variable frequency AC drive can be programmed from keyboard with on screen guide.
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The Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Unit Trainer is a reduced scale plant that mimics bed fluidization, catalyst circulation and regeneration. Working fluids are air, CO2 and water. CO2 is used as a tracer compound to show the separation of flow in the reactor and regeneration sections. Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Units are common unit operations in oil refineries. Visualization of the catalyst material uses small diameter spherical glass beads and a coloured desiccant to mimic the catalyst bed. Catalyst degradation is mimicked by a colour change of the desiccant beads in the reactor and is reverses during regeneration. The entire trainer is controlled from a DCS computer interface with purpose designed software and control configuration. This gives the student the opportunity to gain operating experience focusing on both the process and on control strategy. The process has instrumentation to provide for reactant flow rate control, product gas analysis, catalyst level control, temperature indication and control and differential pressure indication.
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The Combined Chemical Reactor unit includes the process plant and the cabinet where you can control all the elements involved. The column of the tubular chemical reactor is filled with water and it can be heated by recirculation of water in closed circuit to a tank equipped with an electrical resistance of 2500 W. All elements of the plant are controlled from the lever switches in this cabinet. The plant includes two 125 liters tanks containing reagents that are sent into the column by two peristaltic pumps. The same heating system keeps the reactor at the desired temperature thanks to an external jacket of the reactor. In the reaction tank of the chemical tubular reactor there is a silicone winding of 30 meters in length, and a useful volume of 2.3 liters that constitutes the tubular reactor properly said. This resistance must always operate submerged, and the water tank has a level sensor which prevents the operation of the resistance if the water level is not sufficient.
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Hydraulic Brakes demonstration panel comprises a disk brake in the front wheel and a drum brake in the driving wheel. Both wheels can be rotated slowly. The cylinder can be moved hydraulically. When the brake is activated both wheels will stop.
The Hydraulic Brakes system covers the following subjects:
Back wheel bind pressure does not drop after releasing pedal
Front brakes failure
Hand brakes
Vacuum loss
Back brakes failure
Brake light failure.
Fuzzy methods are particularly suitable for systems that mathematics cannot describe adequately or easily. Fuzzy algorithms can offer major advantages, as the control strategy is developed not on the basis of exact mathematical modelling, but on a linguistic description of the process. This experimental unit forms part of a series of teaching systems developed in collaboration with the Department of Automation and Information Technology at the Harz University of Applied Studies and Research. Additional input variables and the rule base can be easily added. The control strategy can be optimised at a later date. A joystick can be used to control the system manually. This allows the degree of difficulty of the control process to be estimated very accurately. The control algorithms are initially written in the user-friendly development software FSH-Shell and then compiled to generate microcontroller code.
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Easy and safe access for maintenance and inspection, with door isolator to the main electrical enclosure.
A floor-standing continuous steam generator.
Solid state level control on feed water tank.
Splash proof electrical enclosure and switches.
Manufactured in accordance with Module G of the European Pressure Equipment directive.
A comprehensive instruction manual.
The engine is controlled via the software, which provides users with a friendly graphical interface for real-time monitoring and operation. This software controls the engine speed, which is electronically controlled using a high precision fuel gear pump. This method gives a very fast engine response.
The engine inlet has been replaced with a custom fabricated frontal duct, to enable the air mass flow rate to be accurately measured.
An electronic pre-programmed controller constantly supervises the engine, ensuring safe operating conditions at all times.
The engine has been integrated into a sturdy metal frame that holds it firmly, whilst enabling accurate measurement of the thrust produced by the engine.
The engine is very easy to start and stop from the software interface and automatic, optimal start-up and power-down sequences are already set to assure minimum mechanical stresses. There is no requirement for compressed air supply or propane gas to start the engine.
To satisfy this need, manufacturers now use solid state thermoelectric devices in computers, portable refrigerators and cool boxes. The increasing need for smaller and more portable electrically powered equipment has produced a need for low maintenance, smaller and more portable cooling.
The Thermoelectric Device Demonstrator shows how one of these devices works and tests its performance when connected in a choice of two modes:
Heat to electricity for power generation when used in See beckmode often used for thermoelectric generation and given the acronym.
The load allows generated power to flow and be measured for a range of applied temperature gradients.
As an electrically powered heat pump when used in Peltiermode. Often used in thermoelectric cooling and given the acronym.
Students then learn to analyse its performance in both modes, analysing several factors including coefficient of performance and energy balance. For the See beck tests, the equipment uses an external cold water source and variable power electric heater to create a temperature difference across the device. A switch allows tests with and without an electrical load. The device then converts this into an electrical potential difference.
Mechanical Systems 1 Learning System also includes strong mechanical curriculum with a stunning depth and breadth of knowledge that shows how mechanical concepts are applied in real-world applications such as gear trains, wiper linkages, hoists, and many more. The Mechanical Systems 1 Learning System workstation features level 1 and level 2 mechanical components including linkages, cams, turnbuckles, pulleys, and gears.
Mechanical Systems 1 Learning System is ideal for future technicians and engineers because it begins with the building blocks of mechanical systems, first conceptually with topics like force, torque, and velocity, and then continues with hands-on skill-building with components like levers, wheels, and inclined planes. Mechanical Systems 1 Learning System builds basic mechanical technical knowledge by focusing on the fundamentals of basic mechanisms and simple mechanical systems. Combining theory with skills and components, learners will practice constructing various mechanical systems, taking various measurements, and making a wide array of calculations.
Features:
Ideal for future technicians and engineers
Covers basics like force, torque, and velocity
Basic mechanical technical knowledge
Durable, user-friendly system
Interactive multimedia included
Multiple hands-on skills
Optional virtual trainer.
The evaporation is obtained under an adequate vacuum degree. With this plant it is possible to realise different process continuous and batch concentration. It is also possible to repeat the concentration step many times until a desired concentration degree is reached. The Thin Layer Evaporator Concentrator evaporator plant was designed in order carry out test of concentration of alimentary product such as fruit juice, milk, sugar solution, tomato sauce or other liquid, under vacuum and thin film productions. The process of concentration of above products is obtained by evaporation of the solvent (water normally) with the result to increase the degree of food conservation.
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The Trainer On Domestic Refrigerators With One Evaporator And Hermetic Compressor allows to study the circuit layout adopted in the normal domestic one-compartment refrigerator systems, fitted with positive temperature evaporator and hermetic compressor. The training unit is supplied as standard with a full set of manuals describing the composition of the unit, the set up procedure, operating methods and some exercises. The refrigerator circuit is made of copper pipes. The set of equipment and the vacuum and recharge station allow a fast assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator circuit. A wheeled frame carries a horizontal working panel, fitted with a 80 mm vice, and a vertical frame, where the main components of the unit and a silk-screen printed synoptic panel are mounted at sight. The student can rise his knowledge about the main components of a refrigerator plant, experiment the problems due to the filling and the emptying of the circuit and, at last, simulate some simple faults.
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The Rainfall Simulator consists of a metal frame that supports the spray head assembly. In use, water is pumped from the holding tank via a control valve to the spray nozzle. The unit may be placed directly on the ground for field studies or used with its accessory tray for laboratory experiments. Water from the spray nozzle is interrupted by a horizontal rotating disc driven by a variable speed motor. For use in field or laboratory electrical and water supplies are required. Adjustable width apertures in the disc allow some water to pass and the remainder is recirculated via the tank.
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The anaerobic digester comprises two 5 litre upward-flow packed bed reactors with feed rate and temperature control facilities to allow steady, continuous operation at up to seven litres per day over periods of many days.
The temperature of each reactor is controlled by an electric heating mat wrapped around the external wall. The temperature distribution within each reactor is maintained to ±0.5°C. Reactor temperatures may be separately set at any desired value in the range ambient to 55°C.
The reactors may be operated in series or parallel. The flow rates to the vessels are set and controlled by calibrated peristaltic pumps. A buffer vessel between the reactors permits discharge of excess flow from the first reactor when the second reactor is operated in series but at a lower flow rate.
Liquid and gas sampling points are located at all strategic points around the reactors. Non-return valves and liquid seal syphon breaks are included in the process pipework to ensure each reactor operates at a constant volume without the ingress of air or the danger of accidental syphonic action.
The equipment is mounted on a vacuum formed plastic base with an integral drain channel to cope with spillages and wash down.
The gas off-take from each reactor is taken to a volumetrically calibrated collector vessel operating by water displacement. The collected gas can be exhausted from the vessel and the volume re-filled with water during a run without breaking the liquid seal. A constant head, liquid seal device ensures that the gas pressure in the reactor is maintained at a constant value throughout the test run.
Functions:
Function of the claws on both heads
No mix up safety
Clutch engagement, de-clutching
Seal function.
The Scissor Lift equipment is used for lifting the automobile which is used together with wheel Aligner.
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The load is applied by a hand pump, and is measured by a high precision electric load cell with a digital display unit range 0-56 KN. Portable Digital Press 56KN Capacity Used for compression tests on small cylinder specimens and core samples up to dia. 60x100 mm. Providing:
0,001 KN resolution
65.000 divisions
Hysteresis: 0,03%
Repeatability: 0,02%
Linearity: 0,05%.
mm/Inch mm/Inch mm/Inch
Table size: 560 x 255/ 22 x 10 550 x290/21.1/2x111/2 560x255/22x10
Up/down movement of table: 90/31// 75 / 3 75/3
Cross movement of table: 100/4 100/4 100/4
Longitudinal movement of table: 305/ 12 305/ 12 305/ 12
Max. depth of cut: 140/51/2 140/51/2M 140/5 54
Power required hp/rpm: 3/1440 2/1440 2/1440
