The system is formed by a frame attached to a rigid base and loads can be applied by mass hangers and a range of masses or weights. The horizontal and vertical deflections of the frame can be measured by means of dial gauges.
The portal frame unit has been designed to determine the deflection at the load point for a rectangular portal frame subjected to horizontal and vertical loads.
The apparatus comprises of two units: the manometer and gauge assembly and the calibration of a pressure gauge assembly. During test, calibration weights are placed onto the loading platform, which is an integral part of the piston assembly. All air is expelled from the system through a purge hole in the upper part of the cylinder. The internal mechanism of the gauge is clearly visible through the transparent dial.
The apparatus has been designed to allow the suction pressure or delivery pressure of a diaphragm pump to be measured on sloping or vertical manometers and Bourdon gauges, for comparison; and to investigate the calibration and internal workings of a Bourdon gauge.
Features:
Dynamic design
Suave surface
Corrosion resistance.
The set includes some of the most important pneumatic components, used in industrial control applications. Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings and technical data. The use of contrasting colors according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learning one. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.
....
A horizontal ring is suspended on load cell and immersed in a liquid in a dish which is put on an adjustable height support stand. Surface Tension Apparatus is designed for measuring the surface tension of liquids. The force can be displayed on a force meter.
....
Strain gauge are fixed at different locations of the beam specimen. Each gauge is wired to form a full bridge with temperature compensation and zero adjustment. Strain And Stress Of Material is to be used with Universal Base Frame. A beam is simply supported at both ends. Load is applied by a load hanger and weights. The Strain And Stress Of Material apparatus demonstrates the use of electrical resistance strain gauge in measuring strain of material under stress. Strain are measured by a strain indicator.
....
Experiments:
Using a simple pendulum to find the acceleration due to gravity.
Centre of gravity and period of a compound pendulum.
Using a Katers pendulum to find the acceleration due to gravity
Cord length and period of a simple pendulum.
Mass and period of a simple pendulum.
How an adjustable mass affects the period of a compound pendulum.
Operating Conditions
Operating temperature range: +5C to +40C
Operating relative humidity range: 80% at temperatures < 31C decreasing linearly to 50% at 40C
Operating environment: Laboratory environment
Storage temperature range: 25C to +55C (when packed for transport).
The demonstrates the types of systems that are used in a lot of small applications in dangerous environments where systems using electrical power cannot be used or where there is no electrical power supply.
A Compressed Air Refrigeration Training Bench for studying refrigeration using compressed air. Using the whirling motion of a specially designed and shaped vortex distributor, the compressed air expands and is divided into a cold stream and a hot stream. This is an unusual method of producing cold air by the expansion of compressed air. The cold stream is utilised and the hot stream is exhausted into the environment.
The designed and manufactured to incorporate all current safety standards.
Experiments:
Thermodynamics of compressed air
Plotting the air transformation due to air expansion on a temperature-entropy diagram
Coefficient of performance (C.O.P) determination
Demonstration of producing hot and cold air through a system that has no moving parts
Determining the outlet temperature in relation to the feed pressure
Determining the useful refrigeration power
Detecting the operating curve of a vortex tube by varying the inlet pressure and the weight ratio between hot and cold air.
Features:
Automatically retrieves test data and inspects the stress relaxation performance of the specimen. (e.g. stress relaxation rate, relaxed stress, relaxation rate, etc.)
Splitting the sampling stage into four sub-stages and applies different sampling cycles in consideration of the logarithm characteristic of time, improving the reliability of data greatly.
Real-time drawing of curves of remaining load with time, or temperature with time.
Support for 100-hour tests. Test time can be assigned at will. E.g. 24-hour test.
Closed loop control of channels such as load, displacement, deformation, etc. Smooth switching in between.
Algorithm to predict specimens stress relaxation performance after 1000 hours (or any specified value in hours), with the option of single or double logarithm. Capable of predicting with standard specimen data or real-time collected data (Suggested). Integrated with an extensive specimen library to improve the precision and reliability of testing results.
Laminar Flow Apparatus is to be used with Hydraulics Bench. Two horizontal plates are placed closely together with seals on side edges. The top plate is transparent and has a transparent grid to help observe stream line patterns. Laminar Flow Apparatus equipment is designed to study laminar flow in two dimensions. Stream lines are produced by regulating a flow of dye from a reservoir through a series of holes at the upstream end. The set rests on adjustable screw supports with bulls eye level. This plate is removable to insert or remove models. The bottom plate has small holes which are connected by valves to a water supply or source and a drain or sink. Water is admitted through a diffuser at one end and drained at the other end.
....
The open and flexible design is ideal for lecturers to create theirown experiments, as well as student project work. To allow realisticinvestigations, the characteristics of the prime mover and generator aresimilar to industrial turbine and generator sets. The Salient Pole Generator explores the principles andcharacteristics of salient pole generators. It contains everything needed forsalient pole generator experiments including resistive capacitive and inductiveload banks. Manual or automatic voltage regulation excitation controls theoutput voltage of the generator. When the generator is in overrun mode,resistors dissipate the reverse power. The prime mover and generatorset is two coupled machines mounted on a common bedplate in the base of theconsole. The user maysynchronise the generator output to the grid supply using a synchroscope. Theymay also use the set of three coloured lamps. The control and protectioncircuits work when the generator is unsynchronised and synchronised to themains electrical supply. A vector drive controls the speed of theprime mover and allows investigations into load flow in positive and negative directions. An integral shaft encoder allows load angle analysis. When the generator is synchronised, the user canoperate a variable quadrature droop for reactive power regulation.
....
The Kaplan Turbine Study Unit is fitted with a special VISIFLOW version turbine featuring a number of transparent parts which make it possibleto see very clearly the hydrodynamic phenomena taking place inside it. The unit is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the trainer, the installation and utilisation procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results. Kaplan Turbine Study Unit has been designed for a complete range of tests on Kaplan type hydraulic turbines.The unit is perfectly self-sufficient, takes up little space and can be easily moved. The system is equipped with two regulation systems: the first allows to adjust the incidence of guide blades during turbine operation by means of an opening control hand wheel, the second allows to adjust the inclination of the impeller blades, by means of an external hand wheel too.
....
The Centrifugal Fan Demonstration Unit has been developed for the study of the characteristics of a centrifugal fan. The unit is equipped with 2 different types of impellers; (forward and backward blades), which can be easily interchanged. The direction of the rotation can be changed using the 3-position command control. Vertical and inclined gauges allow a correct reading of the pressure. The inverter allows the speed to be varied, while observing the electrical power through the power meter. A Pitot tube allows the measurement of the air velocity at any point of the tube, and the measurements can be obtained from the digital display which is provided.
....
Features a rounded-tip total-pressure tap
Reaches 2.6 inches (6.6cm) forward of the bend
Has an OD of 0.125 inches (3.175mm)
6 static ports
Extends 13 inches (33cm) to the bend
Comes with ample tubing.
Incorporating a typical commercially available steam ejector instrumented for the measurement of temperature and pressure at the steam inlet, suction inlet and delivery outlet. The apparatus is supplied complete with service facilities relating to water supply, blowdown and drainage together with a set of four stainless steel flexible hoses which enable the bench to be connected to other steam benches to form a comprehensive system. Ejector Steam Bench consists of a sturdy framework and panels of all steel construction, fitted with a student work surface, interconnecting back panel and adjustable feet. Two water tanks acting as a suction tank and a delivery tank respectively, are inter-connected in such a way that water can be returned to the suction tank to permit experiments with suction water at varying temperatures. Water supply to the suction tank is via a flow meter.
Experimental Capability:
To investigate the overall efficiency of the ejector.
To investigate the efficiency when used as a pump.
To investigate the efficiency when used as a feed water heater.
The Oxygen Analyser measures oxygen concentrations from percentage levels to a fraction of parts per million (ppm) in clean gases. The unique cell and heater design gives very fast warm-up times, rapid response, and long sensor life. Packaged on a 19 rack mounting enclosure, it uses a oxygen sensor to provide accurate measurement with minimal interference from other gases.
....
Cross Flow Turbine Test Set is designed for studying the Cross Flow turbine characteristics under various flow rates and heads. The adjustable nozzle direct a water jet tangentially to the runner. Power output can be measured by either dynamometer or generator. The unit is on wheels. The unit consists of a storage tank, a pump, a turbine, a dynamometer, a generator, and measuring instruments.
Experiments:
Power output vs speed for various heads and flow rates.
Efficiency vs speed for a given head and flow rate.
Racing characteristics.
Torque vs speed at various heads and flow rates.
Overall turbine-generator efficiency.
The basic control task is to control the vertical position of the freely levitating ball in the magnetic field of the coil. The Magnetic Levitation Apparatus is a non-linear, dynamic system with one input and one output. The Magnetic Levitation Apparatus shows control problems with non-linear, unstable systems. The apparatus consists of a steel ball held in a magnetic field produced by a current-carrying coil. Any imbalance and the ball will move away from the set-point position. A sensor measures the position of the ball. At equilibrium, the downward force on the ball due to gravity is balanced by the upward magnetic force of attraction of the ball towards the coil. A power amplifier with overheat protection drives the coil.
....
Consist of Ina Fuel Cell Stack 10 (ten cells), rower 15, Fuel Cell Monitor Pro, hydrogen storage tank Storage 80, electric load experimentation Set Lamp, Fan, Solar and magnetic vertical bracket system Holder Set. Fuel Cell Experiment Set system in a sturdy carrying case. The following accessories are also induded: water bottle (with distilled water), protective goggles, silicone tubing, textbook.
....
Mass Spring System are added to the lower end of the spring to vary the frequency of oscillation. Frequency, periodic time and deflection can be measured. Experimental module, which fits into the Vibrations Frame making up part of the Universal Vibration Apparatus. Loading is achieved through the use of various masses. An upper adjustment system allows the springs vertical position to be varied and thus its deflection increased and decreased. An open helical spring is mounted inside the Vibrations Frame and free to vibrate vertically through a linear bearing guide.
Experimental Capabilities:
Measures periodic time and deflection. Open helical springs mounted and free to vibrate vertically loaded by various masses.
Modular based experiment making up part of the Mass Spring System
All elements mount within the frame.
