Introduction to sand casting: student experiments with 3 different patterns (bell, anvil and anchor).
Case for the study of foundry fundamentals.
The student will practice in first place with symmetrical pieces and after this with asymmetrical ones.
Operations of ramming up of the moulding sand, melting of the metal, pouring, forming and fettling can be performed step by step.
Training set in a case, containing:
Aluminum pattern plate.
Aluminum cope and drag box, screwable.
3 different plastic patterns:
The Anvil as a split, asymmetrical pattern demonstrates the shrinkage cavitation.
The Anchor, as a split, symmetrical pattern.
The bell as a natural or an one-piece pattern.
Rammer.
Bell clapper.
Bell mountings.
Small downgate and big downgate.
Pattern-draw tool.
Shovel.
Scraper.
Thermometer.
Soucepan.
Pencil brush.
Separating agent.
Lancet.
Brush.
The lever arm is with scale and grooved at every 5 cm. complete with one sliding weight of 1 kg. A wooden right angled lever with fulcrum at the angle, the horizontal arm is of 75 cm. and vertical arm is of 20 cm., a spring balance with adjustable wing nut is attached to the shorter arm.
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It is an ideal gas storage device for chemical laboratory in schools, and it can collect, store and discharge gases, such as: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane by using the principle of water drainage and gas-collecting and liquid pressure exhaust.
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The kit is supplied in plastics box. The kit includes belt and chain power transmission systems. Weights and load hangers are used for determination of mechanical advantage and efficiency. Belt And Chain Set is part of mechanical Engineering Test Series which provides sets for various experiments on Basic Panel (separately supplied) to study or demonstrate specific engineering principles.
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The belt drives are machine elements that are classed as traction mechanisms in the field of transmission or conversion elements. The motion is transferred by traction mechanisms that can only absorb tensile forces. Toothed belts and chains deliver positive transmission of movements. They transfer torque and speed between guiding members such as wheels or pulleys. Traction mechanisms such as cables, flat belts and V-belts, on the contrary, allow for non-positive transmission.
Features:
Friction of different belt types on a metal pulley
Function of a belt drive
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Comparison of flat belts and V-belts
Consequences of an unadapted V-belt groove
Effect of wrap angle, coefficient of friction and cable force.
It is important that the belt should not vibrate and/or slip. The belt drive is a dual belt drive with a belt tensioner. It can, however, also be operated with only one belt. The accessory set-up can be used to investigate conditions that cause vibration or slip. The effect of disparate elongation on multiple belt drives can be demonstrated by means of individually-adjustable tensioning rollers. When properly designed, manufactured, and correctly set; belt drives are low-maintenance, low-noise, long-life drive units. The brake and load unit is required to conduct the experiment. The accessory set can also be used to apply transverse loads in other experiments. An eccentrically-bored small belt pulley and a damaged V-belt enhance the range of possible experiments.
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The DC motors are used in a wide variety of industrial drives, such as robots, machine tools, oil drilling rigs, mining, automotive systems, etc. On the other hand, DC generators are still in use in some power generatingplants. The real difference between DC motor and DC generator is the directionof power flow. All the DC machines have a reversible behavior: they aremotors up to a frequency that is characteristic of the construction parametersand is said synchronism frequency, beyond which they behave as generators. The electric machines bench has been designed to satisfy thefollowing basic requirements:
The plan activities
The economic advantage
The number of groups of students who must worksimultaneously
Their speed can beeasily adjusted in very fine increments ranging from standstill to rated speedand even above and their construction is made rather complex than their AC counterparts by the fact that they need a commutator, which reverses thedirection of current and fluxes to produce a net torque. The DC machines are driven from a DC power supply and theyare the most versatile of all rotating electrical machines.
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Single phase motors, although less used in the industry than the three phase motors, represent a not significant part in low power applications that use the single phase network. Rarely used in the industry, the single phase universal motor is the motor that is most manufactured in the world, popular in the field of home appliances and in that of portable equipment. At the same power, they are more bulky than three phase motors and their performance and cos are much lower but are simple in construction, cheap in cost, reliable and easy to repair and maintain.
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There are several ways to control the speed of an induction motor and the best way would be to have a variable frequency AC drive. The asynchronous motor represents the most important and simple case in the area of poly phase machines and it is the most widespread for industrial applications as food, chemical, metallurgical industries, paper factories or water treatment and extractive systems. The speed control can be achieved also through a manual control of a potentiometer with or without acceleration and deceleration ramps. The speed will be a little slower than the applied frequency but fairly close and to obtain an exact speed a feedback loop is provided with the bench to measure the rotating frequency and to adjust the variable frequency AC drive maintaining that speed as the motor speed will decrease a bit due to an electromagnetic brake acting as a load. The variable frequency AC drive can be programmed from keyboard with on screen guide.
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The DC motor speed controller is built with a single phase semi-controlled thyristor bridge suitable for the control of the speed of independently excited DC motors by regulating the conduction period in open and closed loop. The DC motors are used in a wide variety of industrial drives, such as robots, machine tools, oil drilling rigs, mining, automotive systems, etc. The controller consists of three control loops: speed, current and armature voltage. Their speed can be easily adjusted in very fine increments ranging from standstill to rated speed and even above and their construction is made rather complex than their AC counterparts by the fact that they need acommutator, which reverses the direction of current and fluxes to produce a net torque.
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The PLC monitors the motors operation and correlates theparameters according to the developed software.
The PLCs are the control devices used in automation systemswith dedicated software so that they are capable of being programmed to performcorresponding control operations and they are widely used in industrial controland can operate at industry environment conditions.
The performance ofthe induction asynchronous motor can be tested in two different modes:
Fed by the inverter and PLC
Or fed by the inverter only.
Heavy Duty Light Duty
6ft 8ft 6ft 8ft
mm / inch mm / inch mm / inch mm / inch
1825/72" 2435/96 1825/72 2435/96
130/5" 130/5 130/5 130/5
203/8" 203/8 165/6 165/6
1220/48" 1830/72 1220/48 1830/72
700/1400/2800 700/1400/2800 700/1400/2800 700/1400/2800
190/714" 190/7 190/7 190/7
1/1440 1/1440 1/1440 1/1440
The dual frame and jointing methods, allow a load capacity up to 5000N (5kN) to be applied. The internal working dimensions for mounting experiments are 1.22m x 0.76m. Should specimen beams longer than 1.22metres be used, the working gap allows the beams to run through the frame and protrude outside the working area.
Manufactured from high quality, ergonomic aluminium profile, Bench Mounted Frame comprises an upper dual frame, which creates a continuous mounting slot around all four sides of the frame thus allowing the individual experiment components to be interchanged quickly and efficiently.
The frame comes fitted with height adjustable tilting feet to enable the frame to be levelled accurately prior to use. To aid assembly a comprehensive instruction manual and tools are supplied as standard.
Backward compatibility of design allows this aluminium frame to accommodate all experiments and accessories used within the original steel frame.
A synthetically prepared waste water may be used to gain a working knowledge of the operational parameters and purification efficiencies. The Bench Top Aerobic Digester is designed as a comprehensive study facility of biological water treatment process by means of the continuous activated sludge. The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures and give many exercises.
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These processes allow to reduce the sludge production and to produce fuel gas. The Bench Top Anaerobic Digester is designed as a comprehensive study facility of water treatment process involving bacteria in absence of air. The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures and give many exercises.
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Bench Top Cooling Tower Standard instrumentation allows measurement of the air, circulating water mass flow rate and all end state temperatures using wet and dry bulb thermocouples. Bench Top Cooling Tower unit incorporates a process load, circulating pump, packed column, water distribution, volume control system and fan. Reproduces all the processes that are found in an industrial system serviced by a forced draught cooling tower. Evaporation rates under varying load and flow conditions can also be investigated.
External Capabilities:
Measurement of all end states and rates of flow of water, air and make-up.
Plotting of end states on a psychrometric chart and the application of the steady flow equation to draw up energy balances.
Observation of water flow pattern and distribution.
Investigation of performance at,
A range of process cooling loads.
A range of inlet temperatures.
Bench Top Hot Plate for Laboratory
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A bench-mounting metal frame holds all parts of the wind tunnel in one compactunit. Air enters the tunnel through an aerodynamically designed effuser andhoneycomb flow straightener that accelerates the air linearly. The Bench-Top Wind Tunnel offers a complete system ready foraerodynamic experimentation. It uses an electronic force sensor to measure the lift or drag forces on modelsfitted to the Working Section. It has a clear digital display giving a directreading of the measured force value, for real-time data collection. It then entersthe working section and passes through a grille before moving through a diffuser and then to a variable-speed fan. The grille protects the fan from damage byloose objects. A range of models and all necessary instrumentationare included to provide accurate results, suitable for undergraduate study andresearch projects. Pitot tubes attach to the working section and connect to aliquid manometer so students can analyse pressure at different positions andcalculate air speed. supplies a two-component balance with the Wind Tunnel. A controller with an electronic drive allows theuser to vary the fan speed accurately from zero to full speed. The electronicdrive keeps the chosen speed constant. The air leaves the fan, passes up through a silencer unit andthen back out to atmosphere.
Features:
Selection of models included for studies of drag andpressure profiles
Transparent Working Section for a full view of the test area
Electronic controller for variable air velocity
Compact, open-circuit suction design
Saves time and money compared to full-scale wind-tunnels orairborne laboratories
Two-component balance with digital display for lift and dragmeasurement.
Bench-Top Drill Press and Spindle Sander
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Bench-Top Refrigerated Centrifuge
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